Sell Resources

Is it not time for Human Resources professionals to be fully conversant with technology? In these days of technological revolution there are so many professionals out there who are specializing in management courses irrespective of their technical education, knowledge and experience.And they are becoming asset to the organization where they work in since they have knowledge to handle both men and material efficiently. However, when it comes to human resource professionals there is a kind of laid back attitude found in them since they prefer to confine themselves with human resource aspects and nothing beyond that.But they still command the final say in the hiring process.Eventually, the businesses out there are losing out best candidates because of human resource professionals lack of knowledge and/or experience related to technological aspects.

Who has access to the Army 09 SFC selection preposition list? The Army centralized board system for Sergeant First Class selections convened February 3-27, 2009. The results (selections) are to be publicly released on March 20th. Human Resources Command will publish a restricted / prepositioned list about a week prior the the public release. Does anyone have access to the restricted list?

Anyone work in Human Resources for Army? Do people enrolled in the MACP get sent together when one gets a compassionate reassignment? My husband and I are both in the program, and the reason I have to be reassigned is a medical issue w/our unborn baby. We've both turned in separate requests to our commands, but I read in the regulation that MACP spouses are given copassionate consideration? What exactly does that mean? If it helps, we are both 63B (mechanics) trying to get to the DC area. Also, will he be considered immediately upon receiving MY request? Or will they wait to get his? I included his information on the request, and his social is on my ERB.

Where do I get my DD 214? I was discharged in February of 2006 and I have lost my copies of my DD 214. I tried contacting the National Personnel Records Center many times, and they always say that they do not have my DD 214 on file. I have also tried Army Human Resources Command and they say I am still listed as active duty. I do not know where else to get my discharge form. Do you think a recruiter or state represenative could get it for me? Thanks.

Should I go to Human Resources and launch a complaint? I work for a hospital in texas and I've grown tired of their crap!! I work in the telemetry department and I'm tired of having broken boxes, never taking a lunch break or break for that matter. We have a carpet in a room that still hasn't been replaced from a hurricane. I and other co-workers allergies flare up. Our chairs are all different and about to break. I've seen our own boss use the same patches for different patients(he's an echo tech). I know we're suppose to follow the chain of command but I'm afraid of retaliation. We have a new department manager and we haven't met him yet. Should I just go to HR or him? I need some help!!

New HRC Website? Or is it just down indefinitely? Has anybody else been having difficulty connecting to the Human Resources Command site? I have been trying for 3 weeks from my NIPR at work and no luck. Got it straightened out, new baseline at the office was restricting some certificates, thanks for the help.

Where is the Master Sgt Board Results for 2008/2009 ? After contacting Army Times. com, i got a response back to my search for the Promotion Board List!!!! Here is what I was Given. The list can be accessed at the following Web site (Army Human Resources Command, active component enlisted promotions, FY09 master sergeant list) see below! https://www.hrc.army.mil/site/Active/select/Promo.htm

Is life a drive to network and/or command all available resources? ...resources personally understood to be a combo of material and abstract resources including (but not limited to) genes and memes. But if we're alive and able to respond (evident by upcoming responses to this initial positing), we already subscribe to the reality of the abstract...so I guess I'm just trying to make the innate human control of the material one in the same...(I mean, I could personify all the data on the screen to have come from a single source--the computer [but on a grander aspect, life directly understood through the 5 senses] instead of the individual contribution to the construction of said whole system). p.s. try 'systems thinking' and the competence in how we network/command all aspects of all inevitable--expected and unexpected--change.

Whats is IRR-Muster? I keep getting these IRR-Muster emails and they keep saying: Your current records at the Human Resources Command in St. Louis, MO indicate you are a member of the IRR. You have been identified as an Individual Ready Reserve (IRR) Soldier in Control Group “Reinforcement”. As you well know, our country has passed into a new and dangerous time. With this in mind, the Human Resource Command-St. Louis (HRC) is calling up IRR Soldiers to active duty that are listed in your same category. What the heck is this email and I already updated my information so y am I stil being sent this email am I getting activated?Does any1 know what the heck this is about..I don't want to be considered as AWOL..can some1 explain this without all the fancy mumbo jumbo? FYI I am In IRAQ..been here for almost two yeas now since I got out of the ARMY..I wanted to continue in the military but joined the civilian work force instead..thanx for the INFO..

this may be an answer to many? now if you are prior service seeking to change your re code or discharges listen up the board of corrections some times in many cases deny your claims simply because in your record of files you may have not exhausted your administrative obligations first. Now you maybe thinking what is that or how can you do this first of all for the army personnel you have to call the army human resources command and tell the communications hub tech that you want to submit a letter to the commander of the hrc to request that he change your discharge and code then they will give you the number to their fax and you need to sumbit all documents proving that you are now wanting to re-enter the military and be very specific about what you want change and why. for the other branches this works the same way submit a letter to your direct chain of command and use this technique and trust me that this will really work they will contact you either by phone, email, or mail about the next step to take which all depends on where you left of with your last military service trust me this really works and if you don' t belive me then read the instructions and directions of the board it will tell you to always exhaust all of your administrative obligations first before appealing to them

Army DD-214 (Question about an employee)? Hello, I have a pretty random question about DD-214's, 1st, When someone goes to Ranger School, or Special Forces School/ SFAS, how would that look on a DD-214, Would it say "Spec Frces Crs" Short for special forces course? Or would it say somthing different. Also, how, and where dose Ranger School appear on a DD-214. I am asking this in an effort to find out weather or not I should call a CID agent or Detective about an employee I am promoting to Manager. If whats on his 214 matches up with what someone on here tells me, I will disregard the idea that it may be incorrect. Tried calling HRC (Human Resources Command) in St. Louis, GOT NOWHERE! Also called NPRC National Personnel Records Center, and they are not authorized to disclose the employees information with me (even though I already have it). Thank you for your time. Hey guys, thanks, I apperciate it. You guys got some serious expierence behind you, I will try and do the AARTS verification. As always, thank you for your service, and thank you for defending my country.

Do you think I have a chance of having these orders deleted? I am in the IRR, and I agreed to transfer into the reserves. I didn't extend my 8 year obligation, I just agreed to go from the IRR to the reserves. My career counselor offered me a 2 year non deployment incentive, and I took it. I have the signed agreement in my possession. Four days after signing, I got deployment orders. My career counselor lied to me and told me my orders would be deleted, but they never were. I had to file for an exemption, and faxed the paperwork to the Human Resources Command. They keep bullcrapping me. My career counselor finally admitted that he actually lost my paperwork, and the orders were most likely going to stand. Today, I went to my congressman, and told him my situation. What do you guys/girls think will happen. Will the congressman say that I should get what is promised to me, or will he let me be deployed. I'm not scared to deploy. The fact that I have a promise made to me, and I have it in writing on an official document, also signed by a witness, I think that I should not have to deploy. The career counselor didn't lose my incentive paperwork. He lost the paperwork on me, and failed to assign me to a unit on that day. Thats why the orders might stand, because I wasn;t actually assigned to a unit when the orders were cut. And I'm sick of bullcrap answers like quit whining. Shut the hell up, if the Army fails to live up to the obligations it has to a soldier by not honoring it's promises, it's just as bad as when a soldier fails to live up to the Army standards. So people talking crap to me are the ones who get taken advantage of. If you buy a car agreeing to pay so much a month, and they raise that by 600$ when they legally can't, then are gonna say "oh well, it's my duty to pay, I have an obligation to that dealship" I didn't think so.

will tricare drop me on my 21st bday although i will be 38 weeks pregnant? i am currently 35 weeks pregnant with my 2nd child. my fiance and I are getting married when his father returns from deployment in august. Therefore since i am a full time student and unmarried and I am still a dependent of my dads. He is active duty military. My 21st birthday is coming up on the 22nd of this month. In order to renew my id and deers i must bring a letter of verification and my sponsor must be present or fill out a dd1172 form. However my parents refuse to fill out the form or allow me to renew my deers. they used the excuse that i have other insurance (which i do have and pay for) however i have been going to an army medical center with this WHOLE pregnancy seeing the same exact midwife i saw my whole pregnancy with my first and who also delivered him. They JUST told me yesterday they will not (mind you i have been asking them to do it for months) now i have only two weeks to figure something out. Not to mention i already have alot going on with preparing for labor, packing bags, arranging the nursery, plenty of last min shopping to do, keeping up with my 18 month old and FINALS! My id expires on the 21st i'm due the first week of May. I will be 38 weeks when it expires. Is there anyway around my parents. When i called this morning to speak with my midwife to tell her i have to switch hospitals the nurse i left the message with told me she doesn't think tricare can just drop me until i am done with this pregnancy. I asked my parents if they could just renew it so i could deliver him and that very same day they can take me off. They refused to and instead believe it is simple to just find a clinic that can get me in for 4 appointments in the next few weeks, one that will take my other insurance, register with the other hospital, speak with my insurance company to see if they will even pick up this pregnancy since i have been using tricare for it. I've already been having complications from stress and this last minute mess is not helping. in between my classes i have been calling all around, so far i have just been getting i can't do anything without my sponsor's signature. i'm waiting on the army human resources command to contact me back. i'm just curious if anyone has been in a similar situation and knows if i have any rights to continue my pregnancy with tricare. thanks in advance.

Paperwork for re-enlistment has been lost.? I'm in the National Guard. I re-enlisted in 2007 for 3 years, which would leave my ETS at 2010. I'm trying to transfer to the Reserves, however they won't release me. My re-enlistment paperwork is nowhere to be found and my CO wants me to re-generate it and back date it which is illegal. Without the paperwork on my re-enlistment can I get out of the Guard on my original ETS date in 2009. My current 214 states 2009 for my ETS and so does my Human Resources Command paperwork. Let me know what you think, thanks all!

Will my husband be deploying? On April 7th, my husband called me and told me that we will be moving to Baumholder, Germany because he got stationed there. My husband received an email yesterday with the subject 'Assignment Readiness' and it stating this: You have been placed on assignment to a brigade combat team or other deploying unit. You are required to report to your gaining unit worldwide deployable. Our records indicate that you are worldwide deployable; if you believe that you are not worldwide deployable, you must immediately take action to ensure your records reflect your non-available status. To assist you in determining your medical availability for deployment, the following link to your AKO Medical Readiness web page is provided: <web address> For further guidance on availability for deployment, the following link to Army Human Resources Command BCT/deploying-unit readiness guidance is provided: <web address> Thank you for your service and best wishes on this challenging assignment! Does this mean my husband will be deploying, his unit MAY deploy, or do they call it 'worldwide deployable' because we're leaving the U.S? So does that mean that he will be deployed no matter what within the next three years of his tour?

Where is my DD 214? I was in the Army for 3 months. I graduated BCT and I was in AIT when I was discharged (Uncharacterized Discharge, RE 3 JFW) because of a knee injury. I was discharged in February of 2006 and I have been trying to get my DD 214 off and on since that time. I have tried to obtain my DD 214 through the National Personnel Records Center (archives.gov in St. Louis), Army Human Resource Command, and from Ft. Sill (where I did my training). Since I was only in for 3 months do they even have a record of me being in the Army? Everyone always tells me to contact the place in St. Louis and I always get the letter in the mail saying they do not have a record of my service. What is next? Am I screwed? Could a recruiter get it for me? Please keep in mind, I have already tried the archives.gov place over 4 times. That always seems to be people's answer and I have already tried them. Thanks for the responses, I just requested my DD 214 from archives.gov, AGAIN!

What do I do about my DD 214 (discharge certificate)? I am prior service active duty Army and I want to join my local Army National Guard unit. I was discharged from the Army 2 years ago (Re Code: 1 Honorable Discharge) and I kept my DD 214 at my parents house. Well, they didn't know what a DD 214 was, and they put them in the garbage while they were cleaning out the house. Here is where I have tried to get another copy of my DD 214: National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO Army Human Resource Command My old unit My congressman Where can I get a copy? I have tried for the past 6 months to get a copy. If worse comes to worse can an Army National Guard recruiter process me without the DD 214? Thanks. I appreciate the answers, but archives.gov is the NPRC, which is on my list of where I tried to get my copy.

McCain Bad for Military? I was recruited into the military under John McCain's National Call to Service contract. I was to be for 2 years of service, followed by the usual time in reserve status. I wanted to join for 6 years, but someone chickened out on this contract so I took it to get in faster. No one in human resources or in my chain of command knew what the contract meant. It led to me being in a deployed location when the clause of "16 months following training" made my contract END 4 months before ANY of us thought it should. I was fast tracked out of theater where I was needed and rapid separated. Meaning 1 week after I returned from war, I was homeless and unemployed. Also, since I didn't serve a full 2 years and my deployment never got added to my DD-214, I've been denied any VA benefits. Something that I'm working on clearing up. John McCain can't do anything right. Conservatives, is this the best we can do? Do I have to vote LIBERAL now? I'm sure as hell not voting for the man who put me, my wife, and my baby boy on the streets when I wanted to serve my country.

As an atheist, what rights do you have other than those granted by other men, according to their whims? If there is no higher power, then the only rights a person has are those someone else cares or is forced to grant to them. A human has no more intrinsic rights nor value than a beetle. When he or she can no longer command respect through influence or force, there should be no expectation of tolerance, resources or kindness from those who are powerful.

which of the following is correct? 11. Which element of structure refers to the continuous line of authority that extends from the highest organizational levels to the lowest and clarifies who reports to whom? A. Work specialization B. Span of control C. Centralization D. Unity of command 12. For a manager to control or direct the work of an employee, the manager must have -----------. A. Line authority B. Responsibility C. Referent power D. Staff authority 13. Organizations that have developed the capacity to continuously adapt and change because their members take an active role in identifying and resolving workrelated issues are called ------------ organizations. A. Learning B. Visionary C. Community D. Interdependent 14. Master Sofa Makers recently bought an upholstery firm, Fabulous Fabrics, in an effort to control its inputs by becoming its own supplier. This is an example of ---- ---------. A. Concentration B. Vertical integration C. Horizontal integration D. Diversification 15. When an organization is in several different businesses, these single businesses that are independent and formulate their own strategies are often called _____. A. Strategic business units B. Monopolistic advantages C. Quality controllers D. Stars 16. Organizations using Porter's _____ strategy select a market segment in an industry and attempt to exploit it rather than serve the broad market. A. Cost leadership B. Differentiation C. Stuck in the middle D. Focus 17. ----------- involves increasing----------. A. Job enrichment; job variety B. Job enlargement; job depth C. Job enlargement; job scope D. Job enrichment; job feedback 18. ---------- are an organization's objectives, and --------- are the documented ways that organizations intend to meet those objectives. A. Goals; plans B. Stated goals; real goals C. Standing plans; single-use plans D. Specific plans; directional plans 19. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of well-designed goals? A. Goals should be written in terms of actions rather than outcomes. B. Goals should be measurable and quantifiable. C. Goals should be challenging but attainable. D. Goals should be communicated to all organizational members who need to know about them. 20. Work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, and span of control are ----------- f an organization that managers may be able to change. A. Technologies B. Human resources C. Strategies D. Structural components

which is the correct one? I.Which element of structure refers to the continuous line of authority that extends from the highest organizational levels to the lowest and clarifies who reports to whom? A. Work specialization B. Span of control C. Centralization D. Unity of command . II.For a manager to control or direct the work of an employee, the manager must have -----------. A. Line authority B. Responsibility C. Referent power D. Staff authority . III.Organizations that have developed the capacity to continuously adapt and change because their members take an active role in identifying and resolving workrelated issues are called ------------ organizations. A. Learning B. Visionary C. Community D. Interdependent IV..Master Sofa Makers recently bought an upholstery firm, Fabulous Fabrics, in an effort to control its inputs by becoming its own supplier. This is an example of ---- ---------. A. Concentration B. Vertical integration C. Horizontal integration D. Diversification V.When an organization is in several different businesses, these single businesses that are independent and formulate their own strategies are often called _____. A. Strategic business units B. Monopolistic advantages C. Quality controllers D. Stars VI.Organizations using Porter's _____ strategy select a market segment in an industry and attempt to exploit it rather than serve the broad market. A. Cost leadership B. Differentiation C. Stuck in the middle D. Focus VII.----------- involves increasing----------. A. Job enrichment; job variety B. Job enlargement; job depth C. Job enlargement; job scope D. Job enrichment; job feedback VIII.---------- are an organization's objectives, and --------- are the documented ways that organizations intend to meet those objectives. A. Goals; plans B. Stated goals; real goals C. Standing plans; single-use plans D. Specific plans; directional plans IX.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of well-designed goals? A. Goals should be written in terms of actions rather than outcomes. B. Goals should be measurable and quantifiable. C. Goals should be challenging but attainable. D. Goals should be communicated to all organizational members who need to know about them. X.Work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, and span of control are ----------- f an organization that managers may be able to change. A. Technologies B. Human resources C. Strategies D. Structural components

choose the best option? 11. Which element of structure refers to the continuous line of authority that extends from the highest organizational levels to the lowest and clarifies who reports to whom? A. Work specialization B. Span of control C. Centralization D. Unity of command 12. For a manager to control or direct the work of an employee, the manager must have -----------. A. Line authority B. Responsibility C. Referent power D. Staff authority 13. Organizations that have developed the capacity to continuously adapt and change because their members take an active role in identifying and resolving workrelated issues are called ------------ organizations. A. Learning B. Visionary C. Community D. Interdependent 14. Master Sofa Makers recently bought an upholstery firm, Fabulous Fabrics, in an effort to control its inputs by becoming its own supplier. This is an example of ---- ---------. A. Concentration B. Vertical integration C. Horizontal integration D. Diversification 15. When an organization is in several different businesses, these single businesses that are independent and formulate their own strategies are often called _____. A. Strategic business units B. Monopolistic advantages C. Quality controllers D. Stars 16. Organizations using Porter's _____ strategy select a market segment in an industry and attempt to exploit it rather than serve the broad market. A. Cost leadership B. Differentiation C. Stuck in the middle D. Focus 17. ----------- involves increasing----------. A. Job enrichment; job variety B. Job enlargement; job depth C. Job enlargement; job scope D. Job enrichment; job feedback 18. ---------- are an organization's objectives, and --------- are the documented ways that organizations intend to meet those objectives. A. Goals; plans B. Stated goals; real goals C. Standing plans; single-use plans D. Specific plans; directional plans 19. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of well-designed goals? A. Goals should be written in terms of actions rather than outcomes. B. Goals should be measurable and quantifiable. C. Goals should be challenging but attainable. D. Goals should be communicated to all organizational members who need to know about them. 20. Work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, and span of control are ----------- f an organization that managers may be able to change. A. Technologies B. Human resources C. Strategies D. Structural components

I got invitation to work by siemens gas and oil, is it fake? SIEMENS OIL AND GAS Fitzwilliam Court, Leeson Close, Dublin 2, Northern Ireland,UK Tel: 0044-701112 7353 Email: info@siemensoil.com Website: www.siemensoil.com Dear Rajuskins Andrejs, With the consent of Siemens Oil and Gas, (Human Resources Department). We are glad to inform you that your service has been selected to work with us as we have found on your resume to suit with our requirements for improvement and development of our services across UK. The mode of selection was based on the following; 1. CV and qualification 2. Mode in which your data is being presented on the employment data Sheet. 3. Work experiences. We employ staff based on four core values namely Productivity, Talent, Ambitions and Character and we expect all our staff to exhibit these Core values. Also we ensure that all our staff especially our International employees are comfortable. Attached herewith is your soft copy of your employment contract letter and upon the acceptance of the offer, duly Signed soft copy of your Job contract letter should be sent to the Human Resource via email for confirmation of acceptance of your job offer. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT Email:hrd@siemensoil.com Phone: +44702-405-5443 AND you have to also contact the Ministry of Defense Police Northern Ireland UK for your Northern Ireland Security clearance letter which is a compulsory documents which all international expatriate employee must submit before their visa/permits will be granted. Note that the procurement of your Northern Ireland Security clearance letter MUST not exceed 11 working days from the day of issue the soft copies of your appointment/terms of agreement letter ,as it would take 24 working hours for the Ministry of Defense Police here in UK to issue your Northern Ireland Security clearance letter. Below are the contact details of the Ministry of Defense Police : MINISTRY OF DEFENCE POLICE Contact address: Command Secretariat, Police Headquarters, Brooklyn 65 Knock Road, Belfast, BT5 6LE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. Contact Person: Dr Martin Mooney Phone: +44-7035996030, +44-7024053813, +44-7035975395 E-Mail: clearanceoffice@ministryofdefencepolicedept.co.uk modpcdept@minister.com Ensure that you read and understand the attached document, whereby you do not understand any paragraph or word kindly contact your immediate supervisor through the telephone number stated on the attached offer letter or write us through email for clarifications Your benefit includes: .Visa .Work and Residence Permit papers .Flight Ticket .6 Months Upfront salary .Transportation Once again we at Siemens Oil and Gas welcomes you to join our team of experts and enjoy the world best workforce family. Mr. Domhnall Carroll, Human Resources Manager career@siemensoil.co.uk siemensoilngas@sify.com Tel: +44-702-405-5443 Siemens Oil and Gas registered office: Fitzwilliam Court, Leeson Close,Dublin 2, Northern Ireland,UK. Registered No: 727817, England This email contains confidential information and is for the exclusive use of the addressee. If you are not the addressee, then any distribution, copying or use of this email is prohibited. If received in error, please advise the sender and delete immediately. We accept no liability for any loss or damage suffered by any person arising from use of this email.

I to received a call letter from SEIMENS OIL & GAS UK GENUINE OR FRAUD..I GOT MAIL ON 29-12-2009 SIEMENS OIL A? SIEMENS OIL AND GAS Fitzwilliam Court, Leeson Close, Dublin 2, Northern Ireland,UK Tel: 0044-701112 7353 Email: info@siemensoil.com Website: www.siemensoil.com Dear Babu, With the consent of Siemens Oil and Gas, (Human Resources Department). We are glad to inform you that your service has been selected to work with us as we have found on your resume to suit with our requirements for improvement and development of our services across UK. The mode of selection was based on the following; 1. CV and qualification 2. Mode in which your data is being presented on the employment data Sheet. 3. Work experiences. We employ staff based on four core values namely Productivity, Talent, Ambitions and Character and we expect all our staff to exhibit these Core values. Also we ensure that all our staff especially our International employees are comfortable. Attached herewith is your soft copy of your employment contract letter and upon the acceptance of the offer, duly Signed soft copy of your Job contract letter should be sent to the Human Resource via email for confirmation of acceptance of your job offer. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT Email:hrd@siemensoil.com Phone: +44702-405-5443 AND you have to also contact the Ministry of Defense Police Northern Ireland UK for your Northern Ireland Security clearance letter which is a compulsory documents which all international expatriate employee must submit before their visa/permits will be granted. Note that the procurement of your Northern Ireland Security clearance letter MUST not exceed 11 working days from the day of issue the soft copies of your appointment/terms of agreement letter ,as it would take 24 working hours for the Ministry of Defense Police here in UK to issue your Northern Ireland Security clearance letter. Below are the contact details of the Ministry of Defense Police : MINISTRY OF DEFENCE POLICE Contact address: Command Secretariat, Police Headquarters, Brooklyn 65 Knock Road, Belfast, BT5 6LE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. Contact Person: Dr Martin Mooney Phone: +44-7035996030, +44-7024053813, +44-7035975395 E-Mail: clearanceoffice@ ministryofdefencepolicedept. co.uk modpcdept@minister.com Ensure that you read and understand the attached document, whereby you do not understand any paragraph or word kindly contact your immediate supervisor through the telephone number stated on the attached offer letter or write us through email for clarifications Your benefit includes: .Visa .Work and Residence Permit papers .Flight Ticket .6 Months Upfront salary .Transportation Once again we at Siemens Oil and Gas welcomes you to join our team of experts and enjoy the world best workforce family. Mr. Domhnall Carroll, Human Resources Manager career@siemensoil.co.uk siemensoilngas@sify.com Tel: +44-702-405-5443

igotamailfromsiemenceoilandgasinu.kthatimselectedasantrainiengineerasonlinerecruitmemtsowhat can i do? SIEMENS OIL AND GAS Fitzwilliam Court, Leeson Close, Dublin 2, Northern Ireland,UK Tel: 0044-701112 7353 Email: info@siemensoil.com Website: www.siemensoil.com Dear Dushyantsinh Rana, With the consent of Siemens Oil and Gas, (Human Resources Department). We are glad to inform you that your service has been selected to work with us as we have found on your resume to suit with our requirements for improvement and development of our services across UK. The mode of selection was based on the following; 1. CV and qualification 2. Mode in which your data is being presented on the employment data Sheet. 3. Work experiences. We employ staff based on four core values namely Productivity, Talent, Ambitions and Character and we expect all our staff to exhibit these Core values. Also we ensure that all our staff especially our International employees are comfortable. Attached herewith is your soft copy of your employment contract letter and upon the acceptance of the offer, duly Signed soft copy of your Job contract letter should be sent to the Human Resource via email for confirmation of acceptance of your job offer. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT Email:hrd@siemensoil.com Phone: +44702-405-5443 AND you have to also contact the Ministry of Defense Police Northern Ireland UK for your Northern Ireland Security clearance letter which is a compulsory documents which all international expatriate employee must submit before their visa/permits will be granted. Note that the procurement of your Northern Ireland Security clearance letter MUST not exceed 11 working days from the day of issue the soft copies of your appointment/terms of agreement letter ,as it would take 24 working hours for the Ministry of Defense Police here in UK to issue your Northern Ireland Security clearance letter. Below are the contact details of the Ministry of Defense Police : MINISTRY OF DEFENCE POLICE Contact address: Command Secretariat, Police Headquarters, Brooklyn 65 Knock Road, Belfast, BT5 6LE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. Contact Person: Dr Martin Mooney Phone: +44-7035996030, +44-7024053813, +44-7035975395 E-Mail: clearanceoffice@ministryofdefencepolicedept.co.uk modpcdept@minister.com Ensure that you read and understand the attached document, whereby you do not understand any paragraph or word kindly contact your immediate supervisor through the telephone number stated on the attached offer letter or write us through email for clarifications Your benefit includes: .Visa .Work and Residence Permit papers .Flight Ticket .6 Months Upfront salary .Transportation Once again we at Siemens Oil and Gas welcomes you to join our team of experts and enjoy the world best workforce family. Mr. Domhnall Carroll, Human Resources Manager career@siemensoil.co.uk siemensoilngas@sify.com Tel: +44-702-405-5443 Siemens Oil and Gas registered office: Fitzwilliam Court, Leeson Close,Dublin 2, Northern Ireland,UK. Registered No: 727817, England This email contains confidential information and is for the exclusive use of the addressee. If you are not the addressee, then any distribution, copying or use of this email is prohibited. If received in error, please advise the sender and delete immediately. We accept no liability for any loss or damage suffered by any person arising from use of this email.

Can management suspend me for borderline insubordination? I have been suspended without pay for the past three days from work. My human resources manager said that I was being suspended until further notice for borderline insubordination. I told her that I had not committed any insubordination as defined in my union contract. She said that insubordination not only dealt with refusing to follow a command but that it also has to do with a person's attitude in relation to the matter. I told her that I disagreed. She said that me hanging up the phone on her and refusing to call her back the next morning when she called me are borderline insubordination. Well just to clarify those two things now. My human resources manager called me from work. Part way through the conversation she got upset and started threatening me. Because I didn't have any union rep in the room with her, I interrupted her and told her that she was no longer allowed to talk to me. I told her that the conversation was over, I set the record straight about some things that she had said and then I hung up on her. I called into work and talked to a first shift union rep to make him aware of the situation. He said that someone would check into it and get back with me. He advised me not to deal with management without a union rep being present in the future. I agreed. the next morning the human resources lady left me a voicemail while I was working out at the gym. She asked me to call her as soon as possible. She said that it was imperative that I talk to her as soon as possible. I never called her back. I didn't think much of her call. I honestly thought that it it was a big deal, then she would call back and leave me a more detailed message or that I would just find out about it at work. Well, I found out about it all right. When I walked into work I had people standing there waiting to walk me out. I was told that I was being suspended for insubordination. I was in total shock. So, is there any way that my human resources manager can get away with this? What can I do to help myself in this matter? Thanks in advance for your input. * typo above. I meant to type that I honestly DIDN'T think that the phone call was a big deal. Sorry for the confusion. Baking in the las vegas heat: I obviously do want to work seeings how I have been working at my job for over four years now. If you knew anything about unions and how they work then you would understand that management can't discipline a employee without a union rep being present. Yes, commone sense tells you to return a phone call from work. But my union rep told me not to have any further contact with management without a rep being present in order to protect myself. Don't you think that she could have called again and left a detailed message if it was so important?

I am bangladeshi & MBA from bangladesh study centre of Royal roads university,canada. Can i get job in canada? I am MBA and also completed degree engineering in mechanical. I have also completed my post graduate diploma in Human Resource Management. I am having 15 years of service experience as an officer in the corps of Electrical & Mechanical Engineers of Bangladesh Army and holding the appointment like Officer commanding of various independent units; Acting Commanding Officer of Production Wing of Base Workshop; Workshop Manager of Base Workshop; Logistic Officer; Administration Officer of Field Workshop; Instructor of Electrical & Mechanical Engineers Centre & School; Deputy Assistant Director of EME (Staff appointment) and Deputation in UN Peace Keeping mission etc. Responsibilities mainly related with command, control and maintain the discipline of the unit. Looking after the welfare and administration of the subordinates; personal management; supervising the inspection, maintenance and repair of the automobile and equipment and special vehicles; carry out the inspection of vehicle and other equipments; procurement of spares & equipments , preparing & expending budget; controlling of a group of technical and non-technical peoples and acted staff officer. Expert in handling and troubleshooting of computer. I have also following field of expertise: (1) Administrative/General Management:Besides civil education experiences while working including with the exposure to civil-military organizational environment at national and international level made me confident in performing administrative responsibilities coordination among different braches, analyzing & evaluating problems areas, developing sets of alternative solutions and making prudent decisions. Supply & distribution of ration, POL, clothing and other stores. (2)Human Resources management (HRM):More than a decade of my service career as a military officer required me to perform all the HRM functions starting from recruiting of soldiers. For developing skill ness, increasing the professional efficiency I conducted 'On the Job Training' / courses/ cadre etc. Also prepared the carrier plan for the troops, taking step to fill up the vacancies and making them qualified for next promotion. (3)Disaster Management Experience:Several times, I have deployed my sub-unit in countries emergency, disaster management and relief works activities. Also perform duty to maintain the law and order situation. (4)Procurement & Provisioning Experience: As an officer, its a prime and major task for us. I was also experienced in UN Mission while serving under UNTEAT with the similar procurement & provisioning task. (5)Pre-shipment Inspection Experience : I have also experience of carrying out the pre-shipment inspection and signing a contractual agreement of 50 million US $ loan protocol between and Bangladesh. Can I have job in canada?

Ramadan: Can someone please tell me the meaning of SHIRK? Salam, Some users fail to understand the meaning of SHIRK. There are MANY FORMS of SHIRK Please try to understand and read the following: 1. Taking human beings from among ourselves as Lords or Patrons besides Allah 3:64 Say, “O People of the Book! Let us come to a mutual agreement, that we shall worship and obey none but God. That neither shall we ascribe divinity to anyone beside Him, nor shall we take human beings from among ourselves as our lords beside God.” And if they turn away, then say, “Bear witness that it is we who have surrendered ourselves unto Him.” 2. Taking angels or Prophets as Lords or Patrons besides Allah 3:80 Nor would he instruct you to take the angels and the Prophets for lords and patrons. Would he command you to disbelieve after you have surrendered to Allah? 3. Taking Ahbaar and Rahbaan (religious authorities) as Lords and Patrons besides Allah 9:31 They take their rabbis, priests and monks or ascetics to be their Lords* besides Allah. And they take as their Lord, the Messiah son of Mary. Yet they were commanded to worship but One God. There is no god but He. Praise and Glory to Him, He is far too Glorious for what they ascribe to Him. (*Talmud shows the Jewish superstition of ascribing divinity to Ezra, rabbis, saints, doctors of law and learned men. And the doctrine of Papal infallibility, divinity of saints and praying to them are common in the Roman Catholic Church). 9:34 O You who have chosen to be graced with belief! A great many religious leaders, rabbis, priests, monks, mullahs, yogis, and mystics devour the wealth of mankind in falsehood, and debar them from the Path of Allah. All those who hoard up gold and silver and spend it not in the Cause of Allah, to them give tidings (O Prophet) of a painful doom. 12:39 “O My prison mates! Are several Lords differing among themselves better, or Allah, the One, the Insuperable?” 4. Worshipping, obeying and adoring [IBADAT of] anything besides Allah 4:36 Obey, adore and worship Allah and associate no partner with Him… 18:110 Say (O Prophet), "I am but a mortal man like all of you. It is revealed to me that your God is the One and Only God. Hence, whoever looks forward to meeting His Sustainer, let him do works that help others, and let him admit no one as partner in the service [Ibadat] of his Sustainer. ” 24:55 Allah has promised that those of you peoples who will believe in the Divine Laws and strengthen human resources, He will surely make them rulers in the earth - Just as He granted rule to the previous nations (28:6), (33:27). He will surely establish for them the System of life that He has approved for them, and will replace their fear with peace and security. All this because they serve Me alone. They ascribe no partner to Me. But all who, after this, deny these Laws will drift out (of the community of living nations. The ‘belief’ in this verse does not pertain to any dogmas and tenets, but to the realization that the entire Universe is operating under the unchangeable Physical Laws of One Supreme Authority, thus providing the basis for all Science and Technology). 5. Taking Masters [Wali] other than Allah 6:14 Say, “Shall I take for my master [Wali] other than Allah Who is the Initiator of the heavens and the earth? And He provides all without return. Feeds but is not fed.” Say, “ I have been commanded to be the foremost among those who surrender to Him and ascribe not divinity besides Him.” 6. Taking ILAH other than Allah 6:19 Say (O Messenger), "What could be the greatest witness?” Say, “Allah is Witness between me and you. This Qur’an has been revealed to me so that I may warn you as well as whomever it reaches. Do you bear witness that there are other deities besides Allah?” Say, “I bear no such witness.” Say, “He is the One God [ILAH]. I disown what you associate with Him.” 7. Taking Jinns as partners of Allah 6:100 Yet, there are people who think falsely that there are invisible creatures, Jinns, with occult powers that share the Divine Attributes. But He has created them, and people assign sons and daughters to Him out of sheer ignorance. Glorified, Exalted is He, infinitely Above what they ascribe to Him. 8. Obeying devil-inspired people 6:121 Eat not anything (not just meat) unless the Name of Allah has been pronounced first, for that will mean drifting away from Commands. The rebellious or devils [among people] inspire their companions to dispute with you. If you people obey them, you will be associating others with Allah. 9. Calling upon others [graves, mystics, saints, idols, etc.] besides Allah for help 7:189 (The Message encompasses life in its totality.) Recall that Allah created life from a single life cell, then made male and female cells, and then shaped you into human beings, males and females. He designed it such that man might incline with love towards the woman. When he gets intimate with her, she carries a light load that she can har

Another Firing? SmackDown writer Andrew Goldstein, second in command to Michael Hayes, has been fired. Goldstein was informed of his termination by WWE Human Resources, instead of by someone like Stephanie McMahon. On SmackDown, unlike on RAW and ECW, Michael Hayes dictates what he wants on the show, and then Goldstein would take all of that and put it together in a format that can be televised. Apparently, Goldstein was very popular backstage, always worked very hard, and was always a professional. However, considering that Michael Hayes has more of an 'old-school' state of mind, he often clashed with Goldstein. Hayes eventually got him fired and pushed him out the door. Backstage, many people are surprised and upset about this. If the replacement for Goldstein isn't someone who can take Hayes' dictations and format, then you could be seeing a dip in the show quality of SmackDown!. As noted earlier on this very busy news day, Sylvester Terkay, Jazz, Rodney Mack, Danny Basham, Doug Basham, Tony Mamaluke, The Gymini and Gangrel have all been released. Al Snow has been released as a wrestler, but will remain with the company as a trainer in OVW. Additional News: Apparently it was Vince McMahon's idea to change Monty Brown's name to Marquis Cor Von reports Mike Johnson. Vince wanted a name that he could own and trademark and since Monty Brown is his real name that wouldn't work. Dave Lagana was strongly against this move and even though he's the head ECW writer he really had no say in the matter. The plan right now is to build Marquis up as a challenger to Lashley and the ECW Title at some point possibly Wrestlemania. Johnson is reporting as well that Bob Holly has been injured yet again. He has nerve damage in his arm and there is no word at this time on how long he will be out. Don't answer it dummy, it's information for the curious, it's not my fault it automatically gives a question mark, if I could make statements I would, why does there have to be so many stupid people on this thing, it's obviously not a real question, it's to INFORM, use it if you want it, if you don't then leave, der!

The Health Care Bill is about reducing American Freedom? When a "health-care reform" bill would deplete Medicare funds, drive up health costs, and dramatically reduce choice, competition, and personal freedom in health care — while funneling $1 trillion from American taxpayers to insurers (who would now be almost entirely under government control) — one starts to suspect that the motivation is something other than health-care reform. It is. The motivation is to replace millions of private choices with a command-and-control model in which health-care decisions and health-care resources are centrally administered and allocated by the federal government — under the ultimate command, at least initially, of Barack Obama. The motivation is simple and can be reduced to one word: power. And it doubtless has the American Founders, who dedicated their lives to securing liberty, spinning in their graves. — Jeffrey H. Anderson, the director of the Benjamin Rush Society, was the senior speechwriter for Secretary Mike Leavitt at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Breach Of Confidentiality At Work? I work for a company and have been with them for over 2 1/2 years, I have a few minor verbal warnings on my record, just minor mishaps that were corrected and never repeated. This past Monday I began a different job at the company and was told to shadow a fellow employee around the plant, my supervisor claims she told me to never touch anything at all during this time, however I never received a sheet stating what I could/could not do during this time so it was said that a verbal communication should have been enough. This job involves working with chemicals in our plant, I am familiar with most of these chemicals and was attempting to help my fellow co-worker yesterday, by moving a bucket of chemical out of the way so it wouldn't get knocked over or kicked. When I set it down chemical slashed on my coat and shoe. I disposed of my coat and washed off my shoe, then I washed off my sock and pant leg for good measure. I cleaned up the area and immediately reported what happened and how it had happened to my supervisor. She immediately went to human reasources and filed a disciplinary action against me, for failing to follow direction by touching the chemical. She had stated that the splash happened while I was pumping chemical, which I had been, and that it was a violation of the guidelines she'd spoken to me about. I replied that it didn't happen while pumping chemical but when I had moved the bucket, and that unless she can prove that she told me specific guidelines regarding this issue, I honestly can't say whether or not she told me what I could or could not do. She claimed that she had told me these guidelines in front of the co-worker I was shadowing and that she had a signed statement saying it was true, and that the spill occured when I was pumping chemical. (We're Union and I did have a Union Rep in there as well, with Human Resources and my supervisor.) I replied that I would like video, and audio of the conversation that she says occured between the three of us as well as security footage of the incident that had happened. They would not let me have any. They say a verbal command is just as good a written one, and that I would be drug/alcohol tested and sent home for the remainder of the day with out pay and that I would demoted, and was to return to my shift the following day (today) at 2pm. In addition several people from 2nd shift and 1st shift had heard about it, because the supervisor had told the Chemical Attendant on 2nd shift about it. She violated my confidentiality, and so did he by spreading this around work. She had also told him that she told me 3 times not to be touching chemicals, etc. I fail to recall even one time where she strictly said I could not touch any chemicals, etc. In addition a chemical leak had occured on Monday which I vaccummed up and properly disposed of in our waste treatment center, my supervisor walked right past me, smile and went in to the chemical lab. If that had been a taboo thing to do, then why didn't she stop me and correct me right there? I'm at my wits end and I haven't a clue how to go about fixing any of this, rumors are circulating at work that I was severly burned and had to be taken to the ER. What do you recommend? I'm already filing a grievance for the write-up/suspension, but what do I do about this supervisor and her breach of confidentiality? By allowing the details of what happened and what the disciplinary action was, my reply, etc... to be told to another person who was neither involved or affected by this incident that is a breach. All the information gathered through the "investigation" was to be kept confidential to the people involved. In addition by incorrectly writing down the cause of the incident, and how it happened on paper and submitting it to a third party, human resources, she also is guilty of defamation of character. As she had the chance to watch the security footage with me and change her position and rewrite the charge, but chose not to, that statement of hers becomes "libel" or written defamation of character, because what is written is not true it is now a lie and has been submitted to a third party as "true".

JOB Recommendations for Employment? I am looking for recommendation for potential employers I should focus on now. Recently retired military veteran 25 yrs of service to the national. So where do you believe I would fit best in the workforce. I Only provided my educational profile and I believe it to be pretty sound. A little about me: Command Sergeant Major (Division Level) My supervisor was a Major General. I am looking to working in some of the following areas: HR School Administrator Project Manager These are just a few. All recommendations and responses are welcome both positive and negative. EDUCATION Master of Arts (2008) (Human Resources Development) Webster University, Fort Bliss, Texas G.P.A. 3.77/4.0 Master of Business Administration (2007) (Finance) Webster University, Fort Carson, Colorado G.P.A 3.61./4.0 Bachelor of Science (2006) (Management & Administration) Excelsior College, Fort Carson, Colorado G.P.A. 3.11/4.0 Bachelor of Science (2003) (Public Administration) Upper Iowa University, Fort Bragg, NC G.P.A 3.43/4.0

I got "called out" after work. Do I report it? I'm service staff at a large university. I've 20 years of experience on this campus in my job (computer related) and annual evaluations which state that I'm above avg in my job functions, for all 20 years. About a week ago, I had a faculty person in a related department call me at home (8:30pm) and spend 20 minutes screaming at me for a zillion crazy things. I tried to explain that the problems he was referring to have been solved or the rational behind them but he was having none of that. I've not seen this person for months, even in the hallway, yet he decides to call me and bitch me out loudly and profanely and accuse me of numerous misdeeds of which he could not possibly have any knowledge. This person is NOT in my chain of command and has no idea what my responsibilities are and how we operate in our "service" area. My direct supervisor is very pleased with my current performance and I talked to him about this incident. This is the 2nd time this faculty person has had a "sudden unexpected episode" on me. The first one was in the office and the supervisory staff was different, but it was the same deal. He didn't know what was going on. This faculty person (Assistant Instructor by title) has only been around about 7 years, probably does not have tenure but has done good work and is loved by students. I'm told he has a reputation for voicing his opinion loudly in faculty meetings, which I don't get to attend. (He is semi-retired, smokes and drinks with students and tells great "war stories" about when he was on the job.) Faculty guy reports to the chair who my boss reports to also. Should I; a) tell the chair about this? b) file a complaint with campus security or local police c) talk to human resources d) forget about it and go on. e) some combination of the above. Thanks!

what do recruiters mean by this? i really want to become a helicopter pilot for the u.s. army i want to be a warrant officer. and do you know if you get selected before you go onto BASIC training or after (im sorry i know i ask this question alot i just want to know how it works and if recruiters on the army website are lying here is what they say on goarmy.com please tell me if this information is correct Warrant Officers are highly specialized experts and trainers in their career fields. By gaining progressive levels of expertise and leadership, these leaders provide valuable guidance to commanders and organizations in their specialty. Warrant Officers remain single-specialty Officers with career tracks that progress within their field, unlike their Commissioned Officer counterparts who focus on increased levels of command and staff duty positions. Individuals who are accepted for Warrant Officer Candidate School (WOCS) will first attend the nine-week Basic Combat Training (BCT) course as an Enlisted Soldier. Following completion of BCT, they will attend WOCS. Those who currently serve in the military and maintain a superior level of technical/tactical expertise are also encouraged to learn more by contacting the Warrant Officer Recruiting Team. If you have dreamed of becoming an aviator, the Army can make it happen. Warrant Officers pilot UH-60 Black Hawk, CH-47 Chinook, OH-58 Kiowa Warrior and AH-64A Apache helicopters — some of the most exciting, technologically advanced aircraft anywhere — on combat, rescue and reconnaissance missions. You'll gain these piloting skills in the Warrant Officer Flight Training (WOFT) program. After successfully completing nine weeks of Basic Combat Training (BCT), you will attend WOCS for six weeks and then go directly to the flight-training program. You'll be well paid for your expertise, receiving flight pay in addition to regular pay, allowances and benefits. Plus, you'll get the strength, recognition and pride that come from being an Army Warrant Officer. Upon enlistment and completion of military occupational specialty (MOS) training, interested applicants may compete for in-service Warrant Officer selection. There are 43 technical warrant officers specialties with 13 control branches that include Military Intelligence, Special Forces and Human Resources to name a few. You can find more information on technical Warrant Officer specialties by logging on to: www.usarec.army.mil/hq/warrant Do you have what it takes to become a Warrant Officer? Applicants for the Warrant Officer Candidate School/Warrant Officer Flight Training program/ Technical Specialties must: Have a high school diploma. Be at least 18 years of age at the time of Regular Army enlistment and not have passed your 33rd birthday when the board convenes (age waiver will not be considered). High school seniors may also apply. Be a citizen of the United States. Score 90 or higher on the revised Flight Aptitude Selection Test (FAST). FAST test results are valid indefinitely as long as verifiable official records exist. No waivers are available for failure to meet the minimum FAST score. Earn a minimum of 110 General Technical (GT) score on the Armed Forces Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) (nonwaivable as well). The GT score is one component of the ASVAB results. Meet the Active Duty Army's screening height and weight standards. Take a complete physical exam at a Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) and meet entry medical fitness standards as determined by military medical authorities no more than eighteen months prior to the date of application. Must also undergo a Class 1A Flight Physical Examination in addition to the one conducted at the MEPS and have results approved by Flight Surgeons at Fort Rucker, Alabama, prior to the selection board. The Flight Physical must also be less than 18 months old. Complete MOS training Rank is usually SPC/E-4 or higher Must be appointed prior to age 46 Most specialties require completion of appropriate NCOES leadership Courses. Documented proficiency in specialty area Meet prerequisite standards for specialty area

An animal cell is like a... corporation? So, for my science project, I need to brainstorm ideas for a metaphor that represents an animal cell. For an example, "An animal cell is like a city" would be: Cell Membrane: Customs / Border Patrol DNA and Nucleus: Command Central Ribosomes & ER: Manufacturing Golgi Apparatus: Export / Shipping Mitochondria: Power Plant Lysosomes: Trash / Recycling Cytoskeleton: Highway / Roads But that was an example my teacher gave us. I need to think of one myself, and I came up with a corporation. So far, I came up with the following: Cell membrane – Non-Disclosure Contracts DNA and Nucleus – CEO Ribosomes and ER – Production Department Golgi – Tax Mitochondria – Purchasing and Supply Department Lysosomes – Human Resources Cytoskeleton – Cytoplasm – Company Headquarters However, I am stumped on the cytoskeleton. Any ideas on what I can use? And feedback/suggestions would be appreciated on the current list.

Do you think the following e-mail conveying verbosely ? please make it better if possible? Dear Mr. Young, Manager of the Human resources Dept I would be very interested in the particular traits of security shift leaders as descibed below: Once any incidents occur in the plant, shift leaders on duty must be present at the scence punctually and deal with the situation if the leaders are held accountable for such matters within their competencies. During throughout entire their shifts, the leaders must maintain a regular liaison with their immediate supervisor. Responsible for co-ordination and execution of shift change-over procedures, updating and keeping accurate entries in the hand-over record book, fluctuations or changes. Requirements: Legible, thorough, intelligible record keeping. Held accountable for all entrusted responsibilites and authorities, reporting to the team leader or his second-in-command and the professional competence office, Boards of Directors about all issues within the entire shifts. Precautions: regular check the tamper-proof seals within the plant, the administration building, the fence system. I look forward to your valued assistance. Regards, Full Name

can anybody tell me how i can get the old war of the worlds strategy game work on windows xp, thanks ash? its the old two disc version by rage studios, you could play as human or martian, and it was basically like command and conquer, you built up your forces and tried to wipe out the enemy, but had to manage resources, and the better the unit the more it cost, would love to play it again on my new laptop, it installs ok but wont let me play it, the cd just whirls round for a bit then nothing! hope somebody can help otherwise it goes on ebay! thanks

Holocust what do you think of this article? We take life for granted. I think we take a lot of the freedoms and the resources available to us in our blessed lives for granted. After reading the tragic line of events happening through out the horrifying era of the holocaust, I think its safe to conclude that we are the lucky ones. Just the basic necessities of food, water and shelter were more of a luxury then anything else for the victims of Hitler’s mindless torture. Even more so, the simple act of giving someone the dignity of being a human being was difficult for the Nazis to perform. Imagine living in that era, witnessing the deaths and separations of family and loved ones. Not being able to eat for days, not knowing that if you sleep tonight you will wake up alive tomorrow. Not knowing where your brother, sister, mother or dad might be. Not knowing what sick and evil plan the SS soldiers have in stored for you the next day. Not knowing if you will be shipped out to another concentration camp, or will you be put through the death chambers. How can you live like that? How do you find the courage to go on and not give up on life in general? But yet, these people did; and not because they were Jewish but because they had a strong will to survive and had the courage to face the barbaric acts of the Nazi army headfirst. And yet you would have to wonder why it happened, whatever happened to these people. Did they hurt anybody? Did they have a dislike towards the German people or Nazi army? Why did this happen to them, What’s the reason? For me there is only one explanation “Hatred”. Hatred towards the Jewish people for no particular reason other then the fact that they followed the jewish religion and were not good enough for Hitler and his vision of a mad world. Only a psychopath could think of something of this nature. What saddens me is that innocent people got caught in the cross fire between wars in between different countries of globe. Innocent women and children, who had no affiliation to no government whatsoever in general got caught in the middle and were tortured, put into concentration camps and brutally murdered. George Levy Mueller was such a person that was caught in this mayhem of madness created by Nazi soldiers under Hitler’s command. In his book “Lucie’s Hope”, he talks about the hardships and struggles of life he had to face at an early age. The story in his books follows an all too similar path which I read in previous holocaust books also. He grew up in a happy, rich family. His parents sent him to a catholic school , even though he was jewish because it was the best school in town. And then everything changed in the blink of an eye; The Nazi soldiers came, stripped his family of everything they had and everything they had worked for. George watched his father die after he was tortured by SS soldiers. His mother shipped him off along with his sister because she thought it was better for them this way. He was only 8 years old then. That is the last time he ever saw her. At a mere tender age of 14, when a lot of things are confusing to a growing teenager in the first place, he was forced to witness death and inhumane behavior by the Nazis on the Jewish people. When you are 14 and you are walking around a camp with a spoon in your hand in hopes of finding something to eat, then that gives you a pretty good idea of how bad things are in your life. There were times when he had to eat rations of food that had urine dumped on it. There were times when he had to witness a brother fight with his own brother just to munch on a few pieces of bread. The Nazis had reduced the prisoners at the camp to mere animals, and they were treating them like one too. They were ordered by the Nazis to wear the yellow Star of David, which would symbolize them as being jewish. George remembers being picked on and being made fun of because he was jewish, He was blamed for the killing of jesus even though he had nothing to do with that ordeal. He remembers having diarrhea constantly for 2 years. He remembers not being able to run like any normal kid, because his legs were so weak they would give way under him and he would fall. He remembers he would check the clothing of all the dead people around him and if they were better then the ones he had on already he would change them. His body was covered with lice all the time during his stay at the camps, He contracted typhus and thought that he was going to die. And yet, through all of this turmoil he did his best to take care of his sister Ursula, because that was a responsibility that his mother bestowed upon him before they got separated, and George intended to keep that promise no matter what. Amazing how you can find courage and resiliency in times of such hopelessness and pain. He remembers him and his sister were always moving from one camp to the other. The Nazis soldiers never told the prisoners where they were being moved off to and why. All the people could do was speculate and hope and pray for the best. Along the way, many people died because of extremely unhealthy environmental conditions. Some were sent to their death by shipping them to gas chambers or having them shot. They were usually people who had gotten too old or to sick to work and labor anymore for the Nazis. I have to wonder if all this killing and beating of people made George normal anymore, whether it still bothered him to watch people being gased or beaten to a bloody plump by the SS soldiers. I wonder if his heart became so numb from watching these acts of violence over and over again everyday, that it became normal for him and didn’t really bother him anymore. The Nazis took away his innocence; they took it away at a very young age as did they took away the innocence of thousand other children along with him in the concentration camps.

please i need help with my government final? can someone please help? i missed the review and didnt have time to study becuase of a kidney infection. ill give 10 points to whoever can save me from a failing grade. there all multiple answer questions with only 3 options. please guys i would normaly do my homework on my own but i really need help. 1. What types of economies operate without the help of money? (1 point) barter command monetary 2. Almost all existing economies can be described as what type of economy? (1 point) traditional command mixed 3. A capitalist system can also be called a: (1 point) market economy command economy mixed economy 4. What is the next step after making the decision to purchase a good or service? (1 point) gather information make the purchase consider the opportunity cost 5. For consumers it is important to make sure savings are not outweighed by (1 point) cost of transportation. comparison shopping. age of the product. 6. What is the name of the type of store that offers bulk items at low costs? (1 point) neighborhood stores convenience stores club warehouses 7. What is the name of the type of stores that are open longer hours but have the trade-off of higher prices? (1 point) neighborhood stores convenience stores club warehouses 8. A direct relationship between supply and demand, based on increasing prices, is best shown with the (1 point) upward sloping curve of the supply curve. downward sloping curve of the supply curve. upward sloping curve of the demand curve. 9. How many factors determine supply? (1 point) 2 4 6 10. As the price of a good decreases, the quantity demanded _____ and the quantity supplied _____. (1 point) increases, increases decreases, decreases increases, decreases 11. The term capital is defined as (1 point) any human-made resources used to create other goods and services. natural resources used to make goods and services. groups of resources used to make all goods and services. 12. The term scarcity is defined as (1 point) any human-made resources used to create other goods and services. natural resources used to make goods and services. limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants. 13. The term land is defined as (1 point) any human-made resources used to create other goods and services. a natural resource used to make goods and services. groups of resources used to make all goods and services. 14. The term entrepreneurship is defined as (1 point) the study of how people seek to satisfy their needs and wants by making choices. the organizational abilities and risk-taking involved in starting a new business or introducing a new product. the skills involved in producing goods or services. 15. The process in which a business estimates the cost of an action versus the benefits of an action is called (1 point) financing. cost-benefit analysis. profit margin. 16. A market survey gathers information about (1 point) potential consumers of a product. potential producers of a product. potential labor force to create a product. 17. After a product has been developed, what is the next step for a business? (1 point) sell the product promote the product create a marketing plan 18. A resource is used to produce a good, therefore it cannot be used to produce something else. This is called (1 point) opportunity costs. trade off. substitution effect. 19. The value of the next best alternative that is given up to obtain a preferred item is called (1 point) opportunity costs. trade off. substitution effect. 20. Wealth of Nations was a book written by (1 point) Thomas Jefferson George Washington Adam Smith

Does this line of training theory make any sense to you? A few months ago, I discovered the “do not make a fuss of your dog’s food aggression issue” theory on a dog-feeding forum. The main idea goes like this: resource guarding issue in dogs is quite natural and hard for owners to shoot, so is not a big deal; And as long as your dog always shows obedience and submission to you at other times, you can just leave it alone after putting down its bowel and let it finish its meal without any interruption. The reason I ask is this: generally speaking, my two-year-old golden is a good boy to human and friendly to its counterparts; he is quite willing to do what’s asked and wait and resist the temptation just before his bowel until getting the “go ahead” command. The biggest problem is: while enjoying its meal, however, it feels uncomfortable if petted on the back or any part of its body, and sounds warning signals if its food is touched. But, it is ok if just being watched. After applying so many methods to correct him, I do not see any chance of eliminating this problem, to a lesser extent though. The conventional wisdom says that, as a pack leader, you want to make sure you can grab anything from your dog, even take anything away from your dog’s bowel or mouth. And in no circumstances, you tolerate your dog growling at you. So do you think it is acceptable that your dog is a loyal follower to you in most cases, except that it really cares with someone touching it or its food while eating? Anyone supports this “do not make a fuss of your dog’s food aggression issue” theory?

Help with Economics questions? 1. What is the principal advantage of division of labor? a. it keeps everyone busy b. workers can make more money c. people don't get bored d. it is efficient 2. an essential part of the economic systems of developed countries is the use of an _______ a. exchange system b. autocratic rule c. inflationary spiral d. actuary e. excise tax 3. in a trading economy, the society soon has goods left over it has paid all its expenses. this surplus is called a. an oversupply of goods b. a profit c. good management d. a sound economy 4. which of the following is not an economy under private control? a, laisez-faire capitalism b. mixed economy c. monopoly capitalism d. socialism 5. which of the following is a characteristic of a pure command economy? a. the use of free markets b. a stress on competition c. the private ownership of all resources and manufacturing facilities d. governmental control of prices and production e. consumer wants and needs 6. a country that practices socialism has government control of a. the local retail markets b. nothing, since socialism is not economic system c. nothing d. everything in the economy e. the basic productive resources 7. what compromises all those economies which are strictly capitalistic? a. government control b. private control c. mixed control d. public control e. all fo the above 8. sailing in and out of mediterranean ports, the phoenicians began to bring other countries the things they needed. by transporting goods to those who needed them, they performed: a. productive gesture b. capital improvement c. service d. consumer action 9. which of the following statements is not true about resources? a. resources are material and human b. resources are scarce c. resources are used to statisfy wants and needs d. resources will always be available in some form or another 10. The larger tribes became, the more people who were excellent at a certain kind of work were assigned to do that work. division of labor became essential. which of the following statements below are examples fo division of labor? a. john prepares dinner; mary serves dinner b. mary prepares dinner; john serves dinner c. mary prepares dinner; john fixes a flat tire d. all of the above

Job Search Recommendation on Employment? I am a recent retiree from the United States Army, I retired after a successful career of 24 yrs and I was able to attain the rank of Command Sergeant Major. Education: BS - Public Administration (Upper Iowa University) MA - Human Resource Development (Webster University) MBA - Emphasis in Management & Business Security(Webster University) Certification: Homeland Security (Upper Iowa University) Having serviced in the military for 24 yrs I am new to the Civilian Sector and all the employment jargon. Based off my education and military experience can anyone offer any points on possible employment and for a career military soldier.

I am Doing a Study guide can some one help me get these so i can study for a exam.? Sounding out words correctly on the telephone indicates you have good knowledge of A. pitch. C. volume. B. modulation. D. pronunciation The phone caller becomes irate and demands to speak to your boss, saying, “I know she wants to be interrupted to speak to me!” You should say, A. “I told you she was in conference!” B. “I don’t know quite what to do; I’ll go into the conference and ask.” C. “Oh, I’m sorry, I’ll put you right through.” D. “Mrs. Wilson cannot be contacted now, but I will give her your name and number as soon as possible.” Which one of the following refers to the people who truly influence decision making within a company, regardless of their position on the company’s organizational chart? A. Human resource team C. Informational task force B. Organizational team D. Informal chain of command

I am stuck on these questions please help me.Thank you!? 20.Which one of the following refers to the people who truly influence decision making within a company, regardless of their position on the company's organizational chart? A.Human resource team B.organizational team C.Informational task force D.Informal chain of command 21.To properly address a business envelope, you should use..... A.boldface type for the zip code B.a flush-right margin C.all capital letters D.four spaces between the city and state. 22.The best way to focus your attention on your most important daily goals s to use a .......... A.prioritized "To Do" list. B.Milestone chart. C.PERT chart. D.Master list 23.To have the most impact when using e-mail, you should structure your messages so that A.each point is addressed in a seperate message. B.the main issues are bulleted and highlighted in red. C.the most important information is first. D.each main point is placed on a seperate screen. 24.You should place a date stamp on which of the following types of incoming mail? A.Only on correspondence B.Only on the mail advising of court-assigned hearing dates C.Original court documents D.All incoming mail except original court documents 25.If you're planning a long-term project, you should use a A.weekly planner. B."To Do" list. C.Milestone Chart. D.phone dialer.

Please help me Check my study guide....it is so confusing....? 19. The phone caller becomes irate and demands to speak to your boss, saying, “I know she wants to be interrupted to speak to me!” You should say, A. “I told you she was in conference!” B. “I don’t know quite what to do; I’ll go into the conference and ask.” C. “Oh, I’m sorry, I’ll put you right through.” D. “Mrs. Wilson cannot be contacted now, but I will give her your name and number as soon as possible.” 20. Which one of the following refers to the people who truly influence decision making within a company, regardless of their position on the company’s organizational chart? A. Human resource team B. Organizational team C. Informational task force D. Informal chain of command 21. To properly address a business envelope, you should use A. boldface type for the zip code. B. a flush-right margin. C. all capital letters D. four spaces between the city and state.

Recommendation in the Civilian Job Market. Chance of employment with my education & military experience? Retired from Active duty on 30 April 2008. Today I graduated from Northcentral University, I successfully obtained a Doctoral Degree in Organization Behavior "DBA'. I served in the military for 24 yrs and reached the rank of Command Sergeant Major, my last job was Brigade Command Sergeant Major. I had over 3800 soldiers under my command, while the military has provide me the chance to excel both in the classroom and in uniform. I feel I like some of the skills civilian employer maybe look for in a potential employee. 1. What recommendation would you recommend? 2. Resume writing agencies? 3. Potential Employer who I should consider? 4. Additional education Education: BS - Public Administration (Upper Iowa University) MA - Human Resource Development (Webster University) MBA - Emphasis in Management & Business Security(Webster University) DBA - Emphasis "Organization Behavior" (Northcentral University) Certification: Homeland Security (Upper Iowa University)

In the workplace, do you have to take orders from someone who isn't your manager? I have a problem in the workplace. There is a few people in my place of business that dress like managers and give commands like managers that are NOT actually managers but are the same title as me. Is this alright? Or is this a problem for Human Resources? I'm really getting upset about it and I want to know if this is alright or if this is a normal thing. There is one man specifically who dresses in the MANAGER ATTIRE and gives commands to other workers, it wasn't until today, I found out that he is no more then just a regular associate. If someone could get back with me, I would greatly appreciate it, I am willing to take him to my HR Department, because if my boss lets him dress like that he obviously does not care. So I will bypass him completely and go to the next step.

Supernatural Spoilers for Season 4? Hey Supernatural fans out there, here are some spoilers that I found for Season 4 of our favorite show Supernatural, I know you probably know them already but here they are anyway, Episode 4.15: Death Takes a Holiday Airdate: March 12, 2009 02/24 - Castiel returns on March 12. 02/23 - Sam and Dean investigate a small town where people are cheating death. They discover the Reapers have gone missing so they turn to Pamela (guest star Traci Dinwiddie) for help. She sends them into the spiritual world to find answers and they come face to face with Alastair (guest star Christopher Heyerdahl), who has been kidnapping all the Reapers in order to break another seal. 02/09 - Cole Griffith: This intelligent but desperate 12-year-old boy, (submit 12 to a small 15 years old) at first is scared and belligerent, unable to let go of his old life. Desperate in his current predicament, he is experiencing real loss. But he also has the playful ability of boys to always find more mischief to get into. Episode 4.16: On The Head of a Pin Airdate: March 19, 2009 02/24 - We'll next see Uriel on March 19. Episode 4.17: It's a Terrible Life Airdate: March 26, 2009 02/09 - Mr. Adler: Will appear in episodes 17 and 18. In his 50s, a corporate executive with a casually commanding, paternal air. Mr. Adler is later revealed to be a person with considerable supernatural authority, the kind of fella who can get things done. Ian: In his mid to late 20s, a jokester employee in the tech support division of Sandover Bridge & Iron, he's a cynical cubicle jockey, likable, slightly sly, quirky (think Office Space ) who likes to get his coffee breaks early and often. Ordered to "Human Resources" for an attitude adjustment, Ian comes back a wholly different man: clean-cut, nervous, utterly committed to the company's welfare, suicidal when he thinks he's cost the company petty change. Episode 4.18: The Monster at the End of This Book (fka "Stranger Than Fiction") Airdate: April 2, 2009 02/09 - Chuck Shurley: (30's-40's) This lovable loser is down on his luck, drunk, hack former porn writer, ekes out a meager living as a comic book writer. On the surface, he seems like a cowardly, geek, with a skewed sense of reality as he searches for answers - but in the end he proves his real mettle. Possibly recurring. Lilith: (20s - 40) Beautiful, hot, sexy and seductive, a badass demon in a dental hygienist's body. The ultimate dealmaker and manipulator, she is out for herself. She will do, or kill anyone in order to accomplish her devious mission. 01/28 - Lilith hijacks the body of a dental hygienist and returns to wreak havoc on the Winchesters in ep 18. Episode 4.19: Jump the Shark Airdate: April 2009 02/12 - Jake [Abel] will only appear in one episode and is not expected to be seen again. 02/09 - Adam: This tall, ruggedly handsome 19-year old Caucasian youth (please submit 18 and over) is a former Eagle Scout and honors student. He's resilent and adaptable but now he's all alone in the world. He wants to genuinely help in a crises. Later, Adam may make an unexpected transition. Kate Mullany: Adam's mother, she's a very attractive Caucasian woman in her 40s who is seen fleeing from an unseen menace. Later, she pleads pitiably for help -- but her distress may disguise hidden motives. 02/08 - Is there a third Winchester sibling among us? It certainly would seem so, and Jake Abel (Threshold) is playing him, TVGuide.com has learned exclusively. Abel has been cast on the CW's Supernatural as Adam Milligan, an 18-year-old whom Sam and Dean meet in an episode titled "Jump the Shark" and airing April 23. Adam, viewers will learn, is the by-product of a little somethin'-somethin' that big daddy John enjoyed during one of his demon hunts. Upon eventually being told by a onetime paramour of Adam's paternity, John paid the lad the occasional visit. Never, though, did John alert Sam and Dean to Adam's existence, nor vice versa. 02/05 - Supernatural is doing an ep entitled "Jump the Shark." The boys try to help an upstanding young man named Adam who has made an unexpected and sharp left turn in life. And by sharp left turn, I think they mean he turns into a brain-eating zombie, a blood-sucking vampire or something equally untoward. 02/24 - Lilith will likely raise her adorable little demonic head again in episode 20. Supernatural is casting for a suddenly possessed cutie-pie 11-year-old who turns into an evil ice queen. (And that's Lilith if I've ever heard her described.) 02/09 - Amelia McShane: (30ish) A good wife and a loving mother (pretty, normal and grounded), she's distraught over her husband's mental state and becomes increasingly terrified that her husband is losing his mind - she is torn between believing his wild stories and trying to keep her family together. Claire McShane: (11ish) A sweet, loving and normal little girl who loves her father, but when possessed she becomes

My enlglish essay (Princess Apocalypse)? Does this essay sound okay? Lexi Burris 2-17-10 3rd Mrs. Beavers, Pre AP English 1 Princess Apocalypse It was a dark time in the world. (s) People had been steadily becoming more and more greedy, angrier and angrier, more and more chaotic. Living conditions had been deteriorating on an exponential increase for years. The world was becoming a worse and worse place to live. People all over the world were threatened by starvation and other limited resources such as space, water, medicine, and other equipment. Suicide and homicide rates eclipsed record highs, worldwide. China and many Middle Eastern countries along with North Korea, Russia and many other countries were against the United States, Japan, South Korea, France, Germany, and England in what was becoming World War III. The threat of war caused inflation everywhere, because of restricted trading. (Cx) Suddenly huge earthquakes struck throughout the world, and it caused volcanoes to erupt and spew ash so high it pulled all the visible stars from the sky to the earth, except the sun which was covered and turned black, while the moon turned blood red. (Ccx)When the ash cleared from the sky, a figure was standing on the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro, the world’s tallest inland volcano. She had shiny black hair, which reached to the middle of her back, tan skin, emerald green eyes, and a heavenly smile. When she spoke her voice was very clear commanding yet pleasant. It put almost everyone under her supernatural influence. She was so mesmerizing that those around could only focus on her beauty, forgetting what had happened. She took responsibility for the many deaths and she explained herself further saying she said she was a princess sent by her father to change the world. She said she was capable of miracles and creating disasters and those that stand in her way will suffer. There was only a small group that believed her to be the Princess of the Apocalypse, and they were no match for her especially if she was daughter of Satan. The group tried to talk to others and make them believe that the princess would bring the end of the world but nobody would listen. Princess Apocalypse had put her spell in nearly the entire human race. She commanded everyone to do her bidding, and talked to the masses, and they sided with her when she used war, and disease to kill many people. She was her father’s favorite daughter, and the child he sent to create the end of the human race. (pn) She also demonstrated her powers by using fire to burn up much of the water and destroying the food. Her followers did not even think about how they would not have anything to eat or drink. One of her sisters, Princess Armageddon, rode to the scene on a horse. Armageddon, who had long pale blonde hair down to her knees, and hazel eyes, looked very different than her sister. When her hazel eyes met the amused emerald eyes Princess Armageddon demanded to know why billions of people had been killed, why thousands more had been tortured, and why the humans had been tricked into fighting with each other. Princess Apocalypse just laughed at her goody two shoes sister, which in human terms is more like a cousin. Princess Armageddon brought everyone back to life that her sister had killed. When resurrected each human had gained strength he/she did not have before. Many of the ones that had survived so far sided with Princess Apocalypse. Eventually after an epic battle Armageddon pulled her scythe out, and decapitated her sister, she then sprinkled the body with a fine powder and chanted over it. The body then spontaneously combusted, leaving only a flaming dress to show what used to be Princess Apocalypse. Armageddon then set every human on fire and threw her blonde hair back laughing as they burned. It's due tomorrow and i actually need to identify some IOs and DOs.......(idk how) not sure how I did with PN and PA or if I did at all.........(sentence structure not my thing) and it's due tomorrow and I'm screwd, but my teacher loves fire :) Well the indentions didn't come out right on here, but I really did indent. Assignment: Chronicle operitives of a Super hero or Super Villian. 3rd person only. No quoting. Your account should be (somewhat) believable Account should have a beginning, middle, and definite ending. 4 Paragraphs-8-10 sentences each NO LONGER! Worth 5 points each, identify: Direct Object (do) Indirect object (io) Predicate Adjective (pa) Predicate Nominative (pn) Simple Sentence (s) Compound Sentence (c) Complex Sentence (cx) Compound Complex (ccx) (none in the same sentence)

Star Trek "V" Microsoft? Star Trek TNG Meets Microsoft -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Picard: Mr. LaForge, have you had any success with your attempts at finding a weakness in the Borg? And Mr. Data, have you been able to access their command pathways? Geordi: Yes, Captain. In fact, we found the answer by searching through our archives on late Twentieth-century computing technology. Geordi presses a key, and a logo appears on the computer screen. Riker [puzzled] What the hell is Microsoft? Data [turns to explain] Allow me to explain. We will send this program, for some reason called Windows, through the Borg command pathways. Once inside their root command unit, it will begin consuming system resources at an unstoppable rate. Picard: But the Borg have the ability to adapt. Won't they alter their processing systems to increase their storage capacity? Data: Yes, Captain. But when Windows detects this, it creates a new version of itself known as an upgrade. The use of resources increases exponentially with each iteration. The Borg will not be able to adapt quickly enough. Eventually all of their processing ability will be taken over and none will be available for their normal operational functions. Picard: Excellent work. This is even better than that unsolvable geometric shape idea. . . . . 15 Minutes Later . . . Data: Captain, we have successfully installed the Windows in the Borg's command unit. As expected, it immediately consumed 85% of all available resources. However, we have not received any confirmation of the expected upgrade. Geordi: Our scanners have picked up an increase in Borg storage and CPU capacity, but we still have no indication of an upgrade to compensate for their increase. Picard: Data, scan the history banks again and determine if there is something we have missed. Data: Sir, I believe there is a reason for the failure in the upgrade. Appearently the Borg have circumvented that part of the plan by not sending in their registration cards. Riker: Captain, we have no choice. Requesting permission to begin emergency escape sequence 3F! Geordi: [excited] Wait, Captain! Their CPU capacity has suddenly dropped to 0% ! Picard: Data, what do your scanners show? Data: [studying displays] Appearently the Borg have found the internal Windows module named Solitaire, and it has used up all available CPU capacity. Picard: Lets wait and see how long this Solitaire can reduce their functionality. . . . . Two Hours Pass . . . Riker: Geordi, what is the status of the Borg? Geordi: As expected, the Borg are attempting to re-engineer to compensate for increased CPU and storage demands, but each time they successfully increase resources I have setup our closest deep space monitor beacon to transmit more Windows modules from something called the Microsoft Fun-Pack. Picard: How much time will that buy us? Data: Current Borg solution rates allow me to predict an interest time span of 6 more hours. Geordi: Captain, another vessel has entered our sector. Picard: Identify. Data: It appears to have markings very similar to the Microsoft logo... [over the speakers] This is admiral Bill Gates of the Microsoft flagship MONOPOLY. We have positive confirmation of unregistered software in this sector. Surrender all assets and we can avoid any trouble. You have 10 seconds to comply. Data: The alien ship has just opened its forward hatches and released thousands of humanoid-shaped objects. Picard: Magnify forward viewer on the alien craft! Riker: My God, captain! Those are human beings floating straight toward the Borg ship - with no life support suits! How can they survive the tortures of deep space?! Data: I dont believe that those are humans, sir. If you will look closer I believe you will see that they are carrying something recognized by twenty-first century man as doeskin leather briefcases, and wearing Armani suits. Riker and Picard, together [horrified] Lawyers!! Geordi: It can't be. All the Lawyers were rounded up and sent hurtling into the sun in 2017 during the Great Awakening. Data: True, but appearently some must have survived. Riker: They have surrounded the Borg ship and are covering it with all types of papers. Data: I believe that is known in ancient vernacular as red tape. It often proves fatal. Riker: They're tearing the Borg to pieces! Picard: Turn the monitors off, Data, I cant bear to watch. Even the Borg doesn't deserve such a gruesome death!

Help me please. Compare answers with me! Economics! :)? So I was completing this packet and most of the answers I were finding were A. They can't all be A... So maybe I'm totally just not getting it.. I'll tell you my answers and you tell me your and I'll compare. Thanks 1) Economics is the study of how __________ a) people, businesses, and governments use limited resources. b) people, businesses, and governments use unlimited resources. c) income flows between individuals, businesses, and governments. d) we use science to create new goods. ^^^^ I put A for that one.. 2) Economics is _______ a) how we meet our needs and wants using limited resources. b) a person who comes up with the idea for producing goods and services. c) the use of science to create new or better goods. d) the study of how human-made items are used in society. ^^^^ I put A for that one.. 3) The four resources used to produce goods and services include ______ a) entrepreneurship, natural resources, labor, capital. b) capital, expenditures, loans, demand. c) natural resources, labor, supplies, monopolies. d) labor, natural resources, capital, stocks. ^^^^ ...again I got A. 4) One important factor of production includes the machines and tools used to produce goods and services. What is this factor of production called? a) capital b) natural resources c) commodity d) supplies 5) The people who produce goods and services are ________ a) labor b) entrepreneurs c) natural resources d) capital 6) The following questions are all the basic economic questions EXCEPT a) What goods and services should be produces? b) How should goods and services be produced? c) Where should goods and services be produced? d) Who should get the goods and services that are produced? ^^^^ I put C. 7) In a pure market economy, who or what determines the answers to the three basic economic questions: What? How? Who? a) The buyers and the sellers. b) The latest technology. c) The government. d) Past beliefs and ways of doing things. ^^^ I put A. 8) In a _______ economy, past beliefs and ways of doing things determine what goods and services should be produced. a) traditional. b) mixed. c) command. d) market. 9) In a market economy,______ are more powerful than they are in a command economy. a) individuals. b) government agencies. c) traditions and beliefs. d) government leaders. ^^^^ I put A. 10) The law of demand states that the consumers will but more items of a good or service if the price ______. a) decreases. b) is more than their competitors. c) remains the same. d) increases. ^^^ I put A. 11) If Taco Bell lowered its taco prices to 25 cents, the result would most likely be _______ a) a greater demand for tacos. b) a greater supply of tacos. c) a lower demand for tacos. d) a greater production of tacos. ^^^ I put A. 12) Increased cost of production cause _______ a) a decrease in supply. b) an increase in supply. c) an increase in demand. d) no changes in the supply or demand. 13) Higher prices are a(n) incentive for producers to ____ a) produce more goods b) lower prices c) streamline production d) produce fewer goods 14) The law of supply states that the producers are willing to supply a) more of a good or service as the price becomes larger. b) less of a good or service as the prices stabilize. c) more of a good or service as the price drops. d) less of a good or service as the price becomes higher. ^^^^^ I put A. 15) The equilibrium price is the price at which the demand is a) equal to the supply b) not relevant to the supply c) less than the supply d) greater than the supply ^^^ I put A. All of this is less than half of my packet! but so far I found myself skipping through answering questions at random and getting mostly the first choice, A. I find it weird. But please if anyone can compare the answers I have answered and let me know if I did well so far! :)

Do you ever get this feeling...? that you're alive? You cannot believe you are alive, breathing on this Earth. You... have an existance that people recognize. Your name is registered in the gov't file somewhere. You cannot believe that the hand your moving is your hand. You cannot believe the fact that you are sitting there in front of your computer. You just cannot believe or comprehend the fact that you have a consciousness that is your own to command. Your consciousness could be somebody else's. You cannot believe that instead of someone else's consciousness having control of the body you're in is actually your consciousness. You cannot believe that it is a miracle that somehow, the moment your mother conceived you in her womb, your life, your existance, your consciousness becomes a reality; you have a spot on this Earth. Out of the literally, hundreds of trillions of trillions of trillions of trillions or even infinitely possible combinations of DNA that could come together to create a single human being in this universe, the right types, the right combinations, at the right time, came together to create YOU-- someone with a unique personality, looks, characteristics, mentality, consciousness. I don't know how to describe this incredible feeling. I've lived a long time, but this feeling, this awareness only came to me recently. It is just so astronomically amazing just how, just so incredible how much our existance means to us. It is priceless. More valuable than the most precious metals, gems, more valuable than the priceless historical antiques, more valuable than freedom itself, more valuable the constitution of rights, more valuable and precious than our planet's resources. Think of anything, absolutely anything, in this world that means to most to you and compare with your existance, your life, the possibility that 1 out of infinite possible combinations, your life became possible. We all need to calm down, relax, and meditate and think just how much our lives mean to us. To think that some people on this Earth choose to commit suicide, kill others, or end another human being's life is infinitely sinful. To end a life means to destroy the one out of infinite chances that we have to live out an existance. Ending it means the victim will never ever have another chance to live on Earth in the future. And that the possibility of having another chance of living a conscious life on Earth turns from 1 out of infinite to 0 out of infinite. That person is no more. Call me weird, but this feeling is just so astonishingly apparent once you take some time out of your busy lives and really think deep down just how lucky chance got to you. I'm not talking about that fact that you could be dead in anytime and you should be thankful that every day you live through is a day you should be thankful about (this is true though). I'm talking more about the overall picture, in terms of the universe, in terms linear time, in terms of infinity, and in terms of chance. Out of the infinite time, infinite space, and out of infinite chance, the right elements, at the right time, at the right space, got together to create you. And now you have this existance to command and control with your conscious mind and no one elses'. What are the chances of that?

HELP!!! i need to know why this is!? READ!!! we as a group are slowing down companies and government groups we are opposed against, such as Exxon mobile. Many groups like these are corrupted by power, wealth, and insanity, and are oblivious to they decisions they make, and approve of. they are rude and in human like people, and yet they are human. to be wealthy, to prosper, and to dominate, are all human desires. they are all wanted by us at one time or another, but to lay waste, and feel no pain, to continue without remorse. That is despicable! What's worse, is that these people do this daily, sometimes hourly! They sign a signature, and 1000 acres of wildlife habitat is torn down, at their single wished command! They make $5000 per second, and yet when the decision about the Exxon-Valdez spill was decided, our corrupt government fined them a mere 75% of $507.5 million. That is ONE DAY OF PROFITS!!!!!!(1.17 days). The previous proposed amount was over $4.5billion. they killed thousands of innocent wildlife creatures, and destroyed an ecosystem. since then, the area has not even come close to fully recovering. Our government, here in the "great" USA has not signed the Kyoto treaty, because our corrupt, oil funded leaders will not sign against high consumption, and rich paychecks they can AFFORD not to have! Our Planet CANNOT afford more that one chance. Our levels of consumption, and excessive use are stripping the Earth of resources, and destroying us! The USA has barely any population compared to the rest of the planet's population, and yet we use 1/4 one fourth of all the consumed oil! we are acting like PIGS! we need to do something, and now, here in heroes, we are!. so, long story short my friends, you are helping to end problems like that! If you support this noble cause, please post about this! tell your friends, tell your parents, neighbors, EVERYONE!!! this message must be spread in as many places as possible if we are to make a positive impact! Now, WHO IS WITH ME!!!???? all credit for this goes to username: Dusty on maximum-x.com ...the official stie for Maximum Ride and Daniel-X books

Are you pleased that George Soros is so deeply ensconced in the White House? Does it make you proud? For those interested in finding out how a real communist got a White House job, the Van Jones scandal isn’t over - Soros Money Financed Communist Van Jones By Cliff Kincaid Tuesday, September 15, 2009 When the list of donors to the Van Jones “Green for All” organization is examined, one name stands out-the Open Society Institute of billionaire George Soros. The Green for All 2008 annual report is also notable for the pictures of the powerful people who associated with Jones. They include House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and former Vice President Al Gore. While the Open Society Institute was supporting Green for All in 2008, when Jones was running it, the Soros-funded organization was financially underwriting the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights when Jones was in charge of that group. The Open Society Institute gave the Ella Baker Center $151,800 in 2006 and $140,000 in 2007. Jones ran this group during the years 1996-2007. He then emerged as a senior fellow at the Soros-funded Center for American Progress. Other funders of the Green for All group included Gore’s Alliance for Climate Protection, the Rockefeller family, Men’s Warehouse, the Natural Resources Defense Council, the New World Foundation, the Schwab Charitable Fund, the Streisand Foundation, the Service Employees International Union, and the Tides Center and Foundation. The 990 IRS forms of the Open Society Institute also disclose $560,000 in 2007 and $455,000 in 2006 to the Equal Justice Society, whose president, Eva Paterson, emerged as the major apologist for Jones when he came under attack for his communist background and anti-American statements. Paterson, who said that she hired Jones at the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area, wrote a column for the Huffington Post about how Glenn Beck, one of Jones’ major critics, was allegedly “fabricating” his attacks on Jones. “Beck has said repeatedly that Van is some kind of a mysterious ‘czar,’ accountable to no one but the President,” she said. “A simple Internet search shows that this claim is false. A March 10, 2009, press release announced that Van was hired by the Chair of the White House Council on Environmental Quality-to work on her staff as a ‘special advisor.’ In other words, Van is within the normal White House chain of command, reporting to an office confirmed by the United States Senate, just like most White House staffers. Media outlets sometimes use the ‘czar’ shorthand. But the facts show that Van has no mysterious role or extra-constitutional powers.” In fact, that March10 release does not say that Jones was “hired” by the chair of the Council on Environmental Quality. It says that, “White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) Chair Nancy Sutley announced today that Van Jones will serve as Special Advisor for Green Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation at CEQ.” Sutley had a role in announcing the appointment, but not in making the hiring decision. This was confirmed when my Freedom of Information Act requests to the CEQ failed to disclose any documents about his hiring. Instead, the CEQ told me to contact the White House, which did not respond. We have subsequently learned that White House official Valerie Jarrett said that “we” had recruited Jones for his job at the CEQ. The “we” has never been identified but Jarrett is close to Barack and Michelle Obama. Paterson did report a piece of information that, if true, is startling. She said, “Beck has implied on two occasions that Van Jones and other Obama appointees were not vetted by the FBI. False. I was interviewed in my own office by an FBI agent, dutifully vetting Van. Yet another fabrication on the part of Mr. Beck.” If the FBI did investigate Jones’ background, we don’t know what the bureau discovered, and whether that information was taken into consideration or disregarded before he was hired by the White House. Jarrett, however, had said that the White House had been following Jones’ career for years. Josh Nelson, another advocate for Jones, wrote an ill-timed column for the Huffington Post entitled “I Stand With Van,” appearing on September 5, just hours before Jones submitted his resignation. He urged people to go to a standwithvan.com website to show their solidarity with Jones. One of the featured prominent endorsements of Jones came from Benjamin Todd Jealous, president and CEO of the NAACP. For those interested in finding out how a real communist got a White House job, the Van Jones scandal isn’t over. One of the most fascinating preliminary answers involves the George Soros connection. Why would an organization associated with someone who made billions of dollars by exploiting the global capitalist system want to underwrite the activities of a communist? We have previously noted that Soros has escaped press scrutiny because he has funded a variety of news media organizations, in addition to major elements of the Democratic Party. Soros was a major backer

Is this a good reason to increase security on the borders? This is a deadly combination, should Janet and obama be more concerned with border issues because of this? Secret Army Report: Drug Cartels, Terrorists Join Forces to Infiltrate U.S. Friday, June 5, 2009 6:53 PM By: Nat Helms A secret intelligence mission recently conducted along the southern border of the United States found that drug cartels are teaming with terrorists to exploit the numerous vulnerabilities along the sparsely defended 2,000-mile Mexican border. The mission, dubbed Operation Red Zone was conducted in February and March by the Army’s Asymmetrical Warfare Group (AWG). The clandestine intelligence gathering organization is a 350-member “special mission unit” that works to “identify critical threats and enemy and friendly vulnerabilities through global first-hand observations,” the Army says. The group is based at Ft. Meade, Maryland, also home to the National Security Agency. Red Zone investigators discovered numerous alien smuggling and drug trafficking operations along the border. Perpetrators are using “maritime surface craft, semi-submersible watercraft, ultra-light aircraft and possess the capability [to] utilize other potential aerial infiltration techniques to circumvent ground border protection capabilities,” according to Asymmetric Observations Along the U.S.- Mexican Border released May 14 by the Army to federal and state law enforcement agencies. “The AWG served as observers to advise the Border Patrol, Coast Guard and local law enforcement. During the operation AWG personnel were not authorized to enter Mexican territory and none were armed,” Donald Cicotte, spokesman for the AWG at Ft. Meade tells Newsmax. After the mission was completed, AWG personnel prepared a classified report for the Department of Defense. A “cleansed” version, like the one viewed by Newsmax, was sent to civilian law enforcement agencies “Obviously we don’t want to lose control of this [report,]” CiCotte adds. “We obviously don’t want to tell the bad guys what we know.” Operating behind the scenes on the project was Joint Task Force – North (JTF-N), a joint-service command headed by Army Brig. Gen. Sean B. McFarland. The 180-member task force helps local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies plan and coordinate activities to thwart drug cartels, human smugglers, and other emerging threats, JTF-N spokesman Armando Carrasco tells Newsmax. In this instance the U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the San Diego area requested assistance identifying new threats and the AWG was recruited, he said. “We don’t have any resources of our own. We don’t have heavy equipment or helicopters. For instance we can’t call up an engineer battalion to build a road. We solicit units from all the services equipped with what we need and asked them for help,” Carrasco said. “We have three JAG attorneys that ensure we are legally authorized to perform the mission. The lawyers spell out in briefings to each unit that they cannot be deployed in a law enforcement role.” Militarty theorists define assymetrical threats as strategies and tactics used by ill-equipped terrorists and criminals to circumvent sophisticated defenses of more powerful governments. Common examples include clandestine cross-border infiltration, smuggling, and defeating sophisticated electronics and optical sensors with simple counter-measures. During the operation, the AWG worked with the Department of Homeland Security and state and local law enforcement in the San Diego area to “observe asymmetric infiltration operations and emerging asymmetric threats.” The Army investigators discovered that drug traffickers and smugglers are employing “exceptional surveillance and counter-surveillance capabilities, robust technical communications capabilities as well as effective marking and signaling techniques to facilitate smuggling of illegal personnel and illicit cargo into the United States,” the report says. Some of the aliens are suspected of being terrorists from Middle Eastern countries sneaking into the country by employing drug smugglers skilled in transporting human cargo into the United States, the report adds. Few of the tactics employed by the border busters appear sinister at first glance. In one example, the AWG reported seeing a woman setting up a road-side tamale stand on the south-side of the primary border fence. Upon investigation it was found that her car was parked pointing toward “known fence breach points” as a signal to border jumpers. Other seemingly innocent activities observed by the intelligence operatives revealed drug trafficking and “alien smuggling spotters” using taxis and other legitimate businesses located on the U.S. side of the border to monitor and report Border Patrol activities to criminals who pay them with drug proceeds. http://www.newsmax.com/headlines/mexico_border_fence/2009/06/05/222148.html There is more to the story but too long to post who

Is a mini schaunzer suited for very low level service dog work? I have CFS and am partially disabled. I'm looking for more of a 'part time service dog' rather than a 'full time service dog.' I won't need my dog to assist me in public, so temperment isn't as important as it usually would be. I'd need him or her to fetch specific bags of food, medicine, or drinks on command when I'm unable to get up. Though it's bascially glorfied fetch, I really need this kind of help from someone who can be available for me 24/7, so a human isn't an option. He or she would also be my therapy dog as having someone to cuddle with on my 'lie still and ignore the overwhelming pain' days would be so, so helpful. My main concern is a dog who can be realitively self sufficient for one or two days at a time (for when I am very ill) and won't need forms of exercise that I can't provide. I live in a large appartment with a fenced-in yard and plan to get a doggie door and self dispensing food and water bowl things. I can walk my dog and take her or him to a dog park regularly and play fetch and all that but I can't run or jog with my dog or play rough. I have tons of time and love to give and a fair amount of experience training dogs. What kinds of problems do you think I might run into using a mini schnauzer? What are your experiences with them? Are there any other breeds you would reccomend for my situation (I'd like to stick with a smallish medium sized dog)? Are there any resources you can reccomend? Thanks! A standard schnauzer would be fine too, the just seem harder to find.

What does the letter for military occupations signify? For example a Bravo vs a Foxtrot? Is there any rythm or reason? See below details: BRANCH 11 INFANTRY * 11A INFANTRY BRANCH 12 ARMOR * 12A ARMOR, GENERAL * 12B ARMOR * 12C CAVALRY BRANCH 13 FIELD ARTILLERY 13A FIELD ARTILLERY, GENERAL BRANCH 14 AIR DEFENSE ARTILLERY 14A AIR DEFENSE ARTILLERY, GENERAL * 14B SHORT-RANGE AIR DEFENSE (SHORAD) ARTILLERY 14D HAWK MISSILE AIR DEFENSE ARTILLERY 14E PATRIOT MISSILE AIR DEFENSE ARTILLERY BRANCH 15 AVIATION 15A AVIATION, GENERAL 15B AVIATION COMBINED ARMS OPERATIONS 15C AVIATION ALL-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE 15D AVIATION LOGISTICS BRANCH 18 SPECIAL FORCES * 18A SPECIAL FORCES BRANCH 21 CORPS OF ENGINEERS 21A ENGINEER, GENERAL 21B COMBAT ENGINEER 21D FACILITIES/CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ENGINEER (FCCME) BRANCH 25 SIGNAL CORPS 25A SIGNAL, GENERAL BRANCH 31 MILITARY POLICE 31A MILITARY POLICE BRANCH 35 MILITARY INTELLIGENCE 35B STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE (RC) 35C IMAGERY INTELLIGENCE (IMINT) 35D ALL SOURCE INTELLIGENCE 35E COUNTER INTELLIGENCE (CI) 35F HUMAN INTELLIGENCE (HUMINT) 35G S IGNALS INTELLIGENCE/ELECTRONIC WARFARE (SIGINT/EW) BRANCH 38 CIVIL AFFAIRS 38A CIVIL AFFAIRS, GENERAL BRANCH 42 ADJUTANT GENERAL'S CORPS 42B PERSONNEL SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 42C ARMY BANDS BRANCH 44 FINANCE CORPS 44A FINANCE, GENERAL BRANCH 55 JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S CORPS 55A JUDGE ADVOCATE, GENERAL 55B MILITARY JUDGE BRANCH 56 CHAPLAIN 56A COMMAND AND UNIT CHAPLAIN 56D CLINICAL PASTORAL EDUCATOR BRANCHES 60-62 MEDICAL CORPS 60A OPERATIONAL MEDICINE 60B NUCLEAR MEDICINE OFFICER 60C PREVENTIVE MEDICINE OFFICER 60D OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE OFFICER 60F PULMONARY DISEASE OFFICER 60G GASTROENTEROLOGIST 60H CARDIOLOGIST 60J OBSTETRICIAN AND GYNECOLOGIST 60K UROLOGIST 60L DERMATOLOGIST 60M ALLERGIST, CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGIST 60N ANESTHESIOLOGIST 60P PEDIATRICIAN 60Q PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGIST 60R CHILD NEUROLOGIST 60S OPHTHALMOLOGIST 60T OTOLARYNGOLOGIST 60U CHILD PSYCHIATRIST 60V NEUROLOGIST 60W PSYCHIATRIST 61A NEPHROLOGIST 61B MEDICAL ONCOLOGIST/HEMATOLOGIST 61C ENDOCRINOLOGIST 61D RHEUMATOLOGIST 61E CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGIST 61F INTERNIST 61G INFECTIOUS DISEASE OFFICER 61H FAMILY PHYSICIAN 61J GENERAL SURGEON 61K THORACIC SURGEON 61L PLASTIC SURGEON 61M ORTHOPEDIC SURGEON 61N FLIGHT SURGEON 61P PHYSIATRIST 61Q THERAPEUTIC RADIOLOGIST 61R DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGIST 61U PATHOLOGIST 61W PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SURGEON 61Z NEUROSURGEON 62A EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN 62B FIELD SURGEON BRANCH 63 DENTAL CORPS 63A GENERAL DENTIST 63B COMPREHENSIVE DENTIST 63D PERIODONTIST 63E ENDODONTIST 63F PROSTHODONIST 63H PUBLIC HEALTH DENTIST 63K PEDIATRIC DENTIST 63M ORTHODONTIST 63N ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL SURGEON 63P ORAL PATHOLOGIST 63R EXECUTIVE DENTIST BRANCH 64 VETERINARY CORPS 64A FIELD VETERINARY SERVICE 64B VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 64C VETERINARY LABORATORY ANIMAL MEDICINE 64D VETERINARY PATHOLOGY 64E VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY 64F VETERINARY COMPARATIVE MEDICINE 64Z SENIOR VETERINARIAN (IMMATERIAL) BRANCH 65 ARMY MEDICAL SPECIALIST CORPS 65A OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 65B PHYSICAL THERAPY 65C DIETITIAN 65D PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT BRANCH 66 ARMY NURSE CORPS (ANC) 66C PSYCHIATRIC/MENTAL HEALTH NURSE 66E OPERATING ROOM NURSE 66F NURSE ANESTHETIST 66H MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSE 66N GENERALIST NURSE BRANCH 67 MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS 67A HEALTH SERVICES 67B LABORATORY SCIENCES 67C PREVENTIVE MEDICINE SCIENCES 67D BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 67E PHARMACY 67F OPTOMETRY 67G PODIATRY 67J AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION BRANCH 74 CHEMICAL 74A CHEMICAL, GENERAL 74B CHEMICAL OPERATIONS AND TRAINING 74C CHEMICAL MUNITIONS & MATERIEL MANAGEMENT BRANCH 88 TRANSPORTATION CORPS 88A TRANSPORTATION, GENERAL 88B TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 88C MARINE AND TERMINAL OPERATIONS 88D MOTOR/RAIL TRANSPORTATION BRANCH 91 ORDNANCE 91A ORDNANCE, GENERAL 91B MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT 91D MUNITIONS MATERIEL MANAGEMENT 91E EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL BRANCH 92 QUARTERMASTER CORPS 92A QUARTERMASTER, GENERAL 92D AERIAL DELIVERY AND MATERIEL 92F PETROLEUM FA 24 INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 24A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS ENGINEER 24B DATA SYSTEMS ENGINEER 24Z INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEER FA 30 INFORMATION OPERATIONS (IO) 30A INFORMATION OPERATIONS OFFICER FA 34 STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE 34A STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE OFFICER FA 35 MILITARY INTELLIGENCE (USED WITH AOC 15C ONLY) 35D ALL SOURCE INTELLIGENCE 35G SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE ELECTRONIC WARFARE FA 39 PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS AND CIVIL AFFAIRS 39A PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS OR CIVIL AFFAIRS, GENERAL 39B PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS 39C CIVIL AFFAIRS 39X PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS AND CIVIL AFFAIRS, DESIGNATED FA 40 SPACE OPERATIONS 40A SPACE OPERATIONS FA 43 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 43A HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFFICER FA 45 COMPTROLLER 45A COMPTROLLER FA 46 PUBLIC AFFAIRS 46A PUBLIC AFFAIRS, GENERAL 46B BROADCAST FA 47 USMA STABILIZED FACULTY 47A USMA, PROFESSOR 47C USMA, PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH 47D USMA, PROFESSOR OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 47F USMA, PROFESSOR OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 47G USMA, PROFESSOR OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES 47H USMA, PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS 47J USMA, PROFESSOR OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 47K USMA, PROFESSOR OF HISTORY 47L USMA, PROFESSOR OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES AND LEADERSHIP 47M USMA, PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY 47N USMA, PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES 47P USMA, PROFESSOR OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 47Q USMA, PROFESSOR AND ASSOCIATE DEAN 47R USMA, PROFESSOR OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 47S USMA, PROFESSOR OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION FA 48 FOREIGN AREA OFFICER 48B LATIN AMERICA 48C EUROPE 48D SOUTH ASIA 48E EURASIA 48F CHINA 48G MIDEAST/NORTH AFRICA 48H NORTHEAST ASIA 48I SOUTHEAST ASIA 48J AFRICA, SOUTH OF THE SAHARA FA 49 OPERATIONS RESEARCH/SYSTEMS ANALYSIS (ORSA) 49A OPERATIONS RESEARCH, GENERAL 49W TRAINED, ORSA 49X UNTRAINED, ORSA FA 50 FORCE DEVELOPMENT 50A FORCE DEVELOPMENT FA 51 ACQUISITION 51A SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 51C CONTRACTING AND INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT 51R SYSTEMS AUTOMATION ACQUISITION 51S RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING 51T TEST AND EVALUATION 51Z ACQUISITION FA 52 NUCLEAR RESEARCH AND OPERATIONS 52B NUCLEAR RESEARCH AND OPERATIONS FA 53 INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 53A INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 53X DESIGNATED SYSTEMS AUTOMATION FA 57 SIMULATIONS OPERATIONS 57A SIMULATIONS OPERATIONS OFFICER FA 59 STRATEGIC PLANS AND POLICY 59A STRATEGIC PLANS AND POLICY FA 90 LOGISTICS 90A LOGISTICS MFA 70 HEALTH SERVICES 70A HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATION 70B HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION 70C HEALTH SERVICES COMPTROLLER 70D HEALTH SERVICES SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 70E PATIENT ADMINISTRATION 70F HEALTH SERVICES HUMAN RESOURCES 70H HEALTH SERVICES PLANS, OPERATIONS, INTELLIGENCE, SECURITY, AND TRAINING 70K HEALTH SERVICES MATERIEL MFA 71 LABORATORY SCIENCES 71A MICROBIOLOGY 71B BIOCHEMISTRY 71E CLINICAL LABORATORY 71F RESEARCH PSYCHOLOGY MFA 72 PREVENTIVE MEDICINE SCIENCES 72A NUCLEAR MEDICAL SCIENCE 72B ENTOMOLOGY 72C AUDIOLOGY 72D ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 72E SANITARY ENGINEER MFA 73 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 73A SOCIAL WORK 73B CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IMMATERIAL CODES 01A OFFICER GENERALIST 02A COMBAT ARMS GENERALIST 05A ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT REPORTING CODES 00A DUTIES UNASSIGNED 00B GENERAL OFFICER 00C RELIEVED FROM DUTY, SICK IN HOSPITAL OR QUARTERS 00D NEWLY COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AWAITING ENTRY ON ACTIVE DUTY FOR OFFICER BASIC COURSE ATTENDANCE 00E STUDENT OFFICER OFFICER SKILL CODES CODE TITLE 3A JOINT DUTY ASSIGNMENT 3D GOVERNMENT CONTRACT LAW SPECIALIST 3E TACTICAL EXPLOITATION OF NATIONAL CAPABILITIES (TENCAP) * 3F NATIONAL SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 3G CLAIMS/LITIGATION SPECIALIST 3H JOINT PLANNER * 3J M1A2 ABRAMS TANK 3K JOINT COMMAND, CONTROL AND COMMUNICATIONS (C3) 3L JOINT SPECIALTY OFFICER 3N INTERNATIONAL LAW SPECIALIST 3Q STRATEGIC DEBRIEFER AND INTERROGATOR 3R FORCE MANAGEMENT 3S UNIT AIR MOVEMENTS OFFICER 3W NSA JUNIOR OFFICER CRYPTOLOGIC CAREER PROGRAM * 3X M2 BRADLEY INFANTRY FIGHTING VEHICLE/ M3 CAVALRY FIGHTING VEHICLE 3Y SPACE ACTIVITIES * 3Z MORTAR UNIT OFFICER 4B OPERATIONS RESEARCH/SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 4H BRANCH AUTOMATION OFFICER 4J POSTAL 4K ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 4M ARMY ACQUISITION CORPS CANDIDATE OFFICER 4P SECURITY ASSISTANCE 4R ROBOTICS 4S ATTACHÉ 4T RECRUITING OFFICER (RO) 4V MORTUARY AFFAIRS OFFICER * 4W UNDERWATER SPECIAL OPERATIONS * 4X MILITARY FREE FALL SPECIAL OPERATIONS 4Z CERTIFIED ARMY ACQUISITION CORPS OFFICER 5B VISUAL INFORMATION 5D RADIO FREQUENCY MANAGER 5H NUCLEAR CHEMICAL TARGET ANALYST 5J TECHNICAL ESCORT 5K INSTRUCTOR 5L NBC RECONNAISSANCE 5N INSPECTOR GENERAL 5P PARACHUTIST 5Q PATHFINDER * 5R RANGER * 5S RANGER-PARACHUTIST 5T EQUAL OPPORTUNITY ADVISOR 5U AIR OPERATIONS OFFICER 5V MARINE DIVER 5X HISTORIAN 5Y CIVIL DEFENSE OFFICER 6A DEFENSE SENSOR INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION TRAINING PROGRAM (DSIATP) 6C ECONOMIST 6D PUBLIC EDUCATION OFFICER 6E CIVILIAN SUPPLY OFFICER 6F PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION OFFICER 6G PUBLIC FACILITIES OFFICER 6H PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICER 6M MOBILIZATION AND DEMOBILIZATION OPERATIONS 6P MASTER FITNESS TRAINER 6R PUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER 6U AGRICULTURAL OFFICER 6V CULTURAL AFFAIRS OFFICER 6W ARCHIVIST 6X ARMY RESEARCH ASSOCIATES PROGRAM 6Y INSTALLATION MANAGEMENT (IM) 6Z STRATEGIST 7E CHAPLAIN EDUCATION AND TRAINING 7F PASTORAL COORDINATOR 7H UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL EVALUATION 7K MARRIAGE AND FAMILY MINISTRIES 7M CHAPLAIN RESOURCE MANAGER 7Q TRAINING DEVELOPMENT 7R HOSPITAL MINISTRIES 7T CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST 8A INTENSIVE CARE 8D MIDWIFERY 8E NURSE PRACTITIONER 8F COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 8G OBSTETRIC AND GYNECOLOGIC NURSING 8J INFECTION CONTROL 8T BLOOD BANKING 8Z MEDICAL RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TEST AND EVALUATION 9A MEDICAL PROFICIENCY (ALL AMEDD CORPS) 9B MEDICAL PROFICIENCY (MC, DC, VC AND AMSC ONLY) 9C MEDICAL PROFICIENCY (MC, DC AND VC ONLY) 9D MEDICAL PROFICIENCY (MC, DC AND VC ONLY) 9E MEDICAL PROFICIENCY (MC AND DC ONLY 9I HEALTH FACILITIES PLANNER A2 OH-58A/C SCOUT PILOT A3 OH-58D SCOUT PILOT A4 OH-58D WARRIOR PILOT B1 UH-1 PILOT B2 UH-60 PILOT B5 EH-60 PILOT C2 CH-47D PILOT D2 AH-1Q/S PILOT D5 AH-64A PILOT D7 AH-64D PILOT E3 C-20 PILOT E5 C-12 PILOT E6 C-21 PILOT E7 C-23 PILOT E8 C-26 PILOT F3 RC-12 PILOT F4 RC-12K/N PILOT F5 O-5A/EO-5B/RC-7 PILOT G5 EXPERIMENTAL TEST PILOT G6 MAINTENANCE TEST PILOT G7 AVIATION RELATED G8 AVIATION SAFETY OFFICER * K4 SPECIAL OPERATIONS AVIATION (SOA) * K5 MH-60K PILOT * K6 MH-47E PILOT M1 ORTHOPEDIC PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT M2 EMERGENCY MEDICINE PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT M3 AVIATION MEDICINE PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT M4 CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE M5 EMERGENCY NURSING This is for the Army, but if you have knowlege of any branch please let me know.

Special Immigrant Visas for Iraqi and Afghan Translators/Interpreters - FAQs For Applicants Living Overseas? Special Immigrant Visas for Iraqi and Afghan Translators/Interpreters - FAQs For Applicants Living Overseas Important Notices: * On June 3, 2008, the President signed Public Law 110-242, which authorizes the processing and adjudication of additional applications for SIVs for Iraqi and Afghan translators and interpreters during FY 2008. This legislative change allows us to now continue the processing and scheduling of those SIV cases currently at the National Visa Center which had exceeded the 500 limit for FY 2008. Applicants will be notified as soon as the National Visa Center is ready to schedule their case. For inquiries related to cases currently at the National Visa Center, please email NVCSIV@state.gov. Qualified translators may also file new I-360 petitions with supporting documents until September 30, 2008 under this conversion legislation. NOTICE: Instructions for applying under the new provisions will be posted on our website as soon as possible. The applicant should NOT make any travel arrangements, sell property, or give up employment until the US Embassy or Consulate General has issued a visa. * Resettlement Benefits - Iraqis and Afghans applying for Special Immigrant Visas are now eligible for resettlement benefits. To learn more see "Option for resettlement benefits now available" below. Additionally, review the important resettlement benefits information, in the 'Arrival in the U.S.' section below. Overview - What is this program? What is meant by fiscal year? STEP 1 - File an Application with USCIS STEP 2 - Petition approved by USCIS - Sent to NVC Option for resettlement benefits now available STEP 3 - The Visa Interview STEP 4 - Arrival in the U.S. What is this program? Under section 1059 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, Public Law 109- 163, up to 50 Iraqi and Afghan translators working for the U.S. military have been eligible for special immigrant visas (SIVs) each fiscal year (FY). Public Law 110- 36, which President Bush signed into law on June 15, 2007, amends section 1059 by expanding the total number of beneficiaries to 500 a year for FY 2007 and FY 2008 only. In FY 2009, the number of visas available for this category will revert to 50 annually. In addition to these Frequently Asked Questions for Applicants Living Overseas, also see the USCIS Fact Sheet on Afghan and Iraqi Translators. This amendment also expands the category of eligible candidates to cover Iraqi and Afghan translators and interpreters who are under Chief of Mission (COM) authority. ************************************ IMPORTANT NOTE: Special Immigrant Visas for Iraqis Employed by/on Behalf of U.S. Government - This new program is completely distinct from the above program authorizing special immigrant visas for certain Iraqi and Afghan translators/interpreters working for the USG. For information on this new program see Learn More. What is meant by fiscal year? The fiscal year begins on October 1 and ends September 30. STEP 1: File an application with the Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Who can apply? What are the requirements for the applicant? What about my family? May they immigrate with me? Who files the petition? What documents are required with the petition? Where do I find the forms? Who may submit the letter of recommendation? Is there a template or format for the letter of recommendation? Should I submit copies of commendations and recommendations along with the required recommendations? Where do I file the petition? What mailing address should be used on the I-360 for the translator? Can the I-360 be filed by E-filing (electronically)? Where will the petitions be adjudicated? Who makes the decision? When the cap of 500 visas is reached, will the petitions be rejected and have to be refiled? If my I-360 is denied, will the application fee be refunded? What is the difference between Part I and Part 3 of the Form I-360 and should both be completed? In Part 2, what box should be checked? In Part 9 of the I-360 Form, who can sign the section for USCIS Officers or Consular Officers? What are the fees associated with filing the petition? What is the method of payment of the petition filing fee? Can the fee be waived? My question wasn't answered here. Where can I get more information about filing I-360 petitions with the Nebraska Service Center? Who can apply? What are the requirements for the applicant? Foreign nationals may self-petition for this special immigrant visa classification as COM or U.S. Armed Forces candidates if they meet all of the following requirements: * Must be a national of Iraq or Afghanistan. * Must have worked directly with the U.S. Armed Forces or under Chief of Mission authority as a translator or interpreter for a period of at least 12 months. * Obtained a favorable written recommendation from a General or Flag Officer in the chain of command of the U.S. Armed Forces unit that was supported by the translator, or from the Chief of Mission from the Embassy where he/she worked. * Must have cleared a background check and screening as determined by a General or Flag Officer in the chain of command of the U.S. Armed Forces unit that was supported by the translator, or by the Chief of Mission. * Is otherwise eligible to receive an immigrant visa and is otherwise admissible to the U.S. for permanent residence, except in determining such admissibility, the grounds for inadmissibility specified in section 212 (A)(4) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1182 (a)(4) relating to "public charge" shall not apply). What about my family? May they immigrate with me? Spouses and minor unmarried children of the translator who have been issued visas may travel with the principal applicant or may follow or join after the translator has been admitted to the United States. Who files the petition? What documents are required with the petition? The translator/interpreter should file the petition and the following package of documents directly with the US Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS), which is part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The petition must have the following supporting documents and required evidence at the time of filing: * A copy of the passport or birth certificate showing the alien is a national of Iraq or Afghanistan. * Proof of working as a translator/interpreter with the Armed Forces or under the Chief of Mission for at least 12 months. * Proof of a background check and screening by the U.S. Armed Forces or the COM. * A recommendation letter from a General or Flag Officer in the chain of command of the unit supported by the translator, or from the COM at the embassy in Baghdad or Kabul. * Payment of fees for filing the petition (see below). * Form I-360 [NOTE: The I-360 must have the original signature of the translator to be properly filed]. Where do I find the forms? The forms are available on the USCIS website, under the title "Forms and Fees." NOTE: The Form I-360 currently available on the USCIS website does not include notations for the Iraqi and Afghan translators; however, the instructions for Form I-360 available on that website provide petition information for those who worked with the U.S. Armed Forces, and a USCIS Fact Sheet, available online at http://www.uscis.gov/files/pressrelease/TranslatorExpansionFS02Jul07.pdf includes information as of July 2007 for I-360 petitions being filed by Iraqi and Afghan nationals who worked directly for the United States Armed Forces, or under the authority of the Chief of Mission. The I-360 is currently under revision to include these notations. Please use the current form available from the website until the revised form is available. Who may submit the letter of recommendation? General, Lieutenant General, Major General, Brigadier General in the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps; Admiral, Rear Admiral in the Navy, or the Chief of Mission in Baghdad or Kabul. Is there a template or format for the letter of recommendation? There is no formal format, but the letter should include the length of service, information concerning the translator's security clearance, and the recommendation. Should I submit copies of commendations and recommendations along with the required recommendations? Copies of any additional commendations and recommendations may be submitted, but they do not take the place of the required documents. Where do I file the petition? Translators may file with: USCIS Nebraska Service Center P.O. Box 87360 Lincoln, NE 68501-2521 What mailing address should be used on the I-360 for the translator? USCIS cannot mail any letter outside the United States except to an APO address. If the translator has access to an APO address, USCIS will use this address. If there is not access to an APO and they have family or friends in the United States, that address may be used with the permission of the family or friend. In Part 1, line 3, the family member's or friend's name must be listed in the C/O section; otherwise the post office will not deliver the mail. All applicants must list an email address, as that is the easiest way for us to reach them. Can the I-360 be filed by E-filing (electronically)? No, this form is not set up for E-filing. Where will the petitions be adjudicated? Who makes the decision? All petitions for this program will be adjudicated at the USCIS Nebraska Service Center. Then the petitions will be forwarded to the Department of State National Visa Center (NVC). After the petitions are forwarded to the NVC, the NVC will contact the petitioner by email and begin to process the necessary documentation for the visa. Once the file is complete, immigrant visa interviews for the translator and immediate family may be conducted at an embassy or consulate that processes Immigrant Visas and that the applicant can easily travel to. Applicants should contact the National Visa Center to inquire if the case may be processed in the country that they are currently residing in or can easily travel to. When the cap of 500 visas is reached, will the petitions be rejected and have to be refiled? USCIS will continue to process each petition, even after the annual cap has been reached. When the petition has been approved, it will be sent to the National Visa Center. NVC will be in contact with the petitioner and will forward the petition to the Embassy when the visa case is ready for processing. If my I-360 is denied, will the application fee be refunded? No, this is a processing fee and is not based on the decision. What is the difference between Part 1 and Part 3 of the Form I-360 and should both be completed? Part 1 and Part 3 contain similar information but Part 3 includes additional needed information. Both should be completed. In Part 2, what box should be checked? Box "k" should be checked and "translator" or "interpreter" should be written on the line. In Part 9 of the I-360 form, who can sign the section for USCIS Officers or Consular Officers? Because of the dangers in Iraq, USCIS will accept the signature of U.S. military officers in the chain of command of the translator. What are the fees associated with filing the petition? For applicants filing through the Nebraska Service Center while residing outside the U.S., the I-360 fee is $375.00. See www.uscis.gov for more information about fees. What is the method of payment of the petition filing fee? The method of payment is either a personal check on a U.S. bank, a money order in U.S. dollars, or a fee receipt from a U.S. Embassy abroad. This may be paid by anyone. If paid by someone other than the translator and by personal check, it is suggested the translator's name be written on the bottom of the check. Can the fee be waived? Yes, the translator may request a fee waiver by placing a cover sheet on the petition and explaining the reasons for the request. However, if the waiver is denied the petition will be rejected and the filing date will not be retained, i.e. you will lose your place in line and need to re-file the petition, going to the back of the line. My question wasn't answered here. Where can I get more information about filing I-360 petitions with the Nebraska Service Center? You can send an e-mail to SIVTranslator.NSC@dhs.gov. STEP 2: The petition is approved by USCIS and sent to the National Visa Center When is a case ready for processing? What documents do I need to send to NVC? (For Iraqi SIV applicants) What documents do I need to send to NVC (For Afghan SIV applicants) Option for resettlement benefits now available My question wasn't answered here. Where can I get more information about my approved petition? When is a case ready for processing? Interpreter/translator cases will be processed according to the order that they become documentarily qualified. For these cases, the priority date is the date when the petition was received or filed at the Nebraska Service Center. The National Visa Center (NVC) will receive the approved petition from USCIS and contact the applicants to advise them to begin collecting documents and procure a passport. (Only the G and H series Iraqi passports are valid for travel to the United States.) NVC is now working with petitioners by e-mail to collect the appropriate visa application forms and copies of civil documents, at which point they will schedule the immigrant visa interview at a post overseas and forward the case to that post. Applicants should have or obtain and provide an e-mail address to facilitate communication with NVC, as this has proved to be the only reliable means of reaching approved petition beneficiaries to provide instructions. Applicants with an approved petition at NVC may contact NVC by e-mail at NVCSIV@state.gov. What documents do I need to send to NVC? (For Iraqi SIV applicants) * A copy of the biodata page from the passport of each applicant. Iraqi applicants are strongly encouraged to obtain G series Iraqi passports. * The DS-230 parts 1 and 2 * Scanned copies of a birth certificate for each applicant and any other civil documents showing the relationship between the petitioner and his/her spouse or minor children (e.g., marriage and divorce certificates, adoption decrees, etc.). If no birth certificate is available, the Iraqi national identity card (bataqa shaksiya) may be used instead of a birth certificate; * Any documentation that provides evidence of military service, including service dates, rank, post of assignment, etc. * If the applicant lived in a different country of nationality for more than 6 months AND was 16 years old at that time, THEN the applicant needs a police certificate from the police authorities of that locality. All documents must be accompanied by a certified English translation. The translation must include a statement signed by the translator that states that the translation is accurate, and the translator is competent to translate. What documents do I need to send to NVC? (For Afghan SIV applicants) * A copy of the biodata page from the passport of each applicant (valid for at least 12 months beyond the anticipated visa interview date). * The DS-230 parts 1 and 2 * Scanned copies of a birth certificate (Tazkara) for each applicant and any other civil documents showing the relationship between the petitioner and his/her spouse or minor children (e.g. marriage (Nikah Khet) and divorce certificates, adoption decrees, etc.) * Police certificates are NOT required for residents of Afghanistan. * Police certificates are required if you lived in a different country for more than 12 months since reaching the age of 16. In addition, all applicants should submit 2 recent photographs of themselves, which meet photo requirements shown at http://travel.state.gov/visa/temp/info/info_1287.html All documents must be accompanied by a certified English translation. The translation must include a statement signed by the translator that states that the translation is accurate, and the translator is competent to translate. Option for resettlement benefits now available Certain Iraqi and Afghan special immigrants are now eligible for the same resettlement assistance, entitlement programs, and other benefits as refugees admitted under the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program. Resettlement assistance provided by the Department of State is available under section 525 of Division J of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008, Public Law 110-161, to any and all Iraqis and Afghans who are admitted to the United States on Special Immigrant Visas (on or after December 26, 2007), and under section 1244(g) of National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, Public Law 110-181, to any and all Iraqis who are admitted to the United States on Special Immigrant Visas (on or after January 28, 2008) regardless of the authority under which the visa was granted. If you are an Iraqi or Afghan and have applied for a Special Immigrant Visa, see the Resettlement Benefits Election Form, which will explain the resettlement benefits option. If you elect to receive resettlement benefits, then you will also need to fill out the Special Immigrant Visa Biodata form. One form for each family member must be completed. Return scanned copies of the Resettlement Benefits Election Form and the Special Immigrant Visa Biodata Form to the National Visa Center via email at NVCSIV@state.gov. My question wasn't answered here. Where can I get more information about my approved petition? You may e-mail the National Visa Center at NVCSIV@state.gov. Step 3: The Visa Interview Is a personal interview required? If the translator is in Iraq, may the interview be conducted at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad? I do not have a valid passport, or I have an S, M or N series Iraqi passport Can the translator's family accompany or follow to join him/her to the United States? What documents should I bring to the interview? Will the USG pay the cost for my travel to the interview? Can the U.S. Embassy arrange for my entry visas and guarantee admission for my interview? Can the visa fee be waived? My question wasn't answered here. Where can I get more information about my pending visa? Is a personal interview required? Yes. While USCIS approves petitions, an interview is required to determine visa eligibility. For that, an applicant must appear in person at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate where a consular officer will interview the applicant. U.S. law also requires all applicants to submit finger scans, which will be taken at the interview. If the translator is in Iraq, may the interview be conducted at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad? No, the U.S. Embassies in Baghdad and Kabul do NOT issue immigrant visas. Most of the interviews will be in Amman, Jordan for Iraqis or Islamabad, Pakistan for Afghanis. If the translator is in a third country, the interview will be conducted at the closest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. I do not have a valid passport, or I have an S, M or N series Iraqi passport You should make all possible efforts to obtain an Iraqi G Series passport; failure to do so will complicate your ability to travel and delay your application. If your immigrant visa appointment has been scheduled, please contact the Embassy where the interview will be scheduled for information about what documents may be required for travel to that country. You should be aware that Iraq S, M and N series passports are not valid for travel to the United States, though in some instances a waiver may be available. Again, this will delay your travel significantly. Follow this link for more information: http://amman.usembassy.gov/int_dev/docs/iraqi_s_series_passport.asp Can the translator's family accompany or follow to join him/her to the United States? Yes, the spouse and unmarried/under 21 children may accompany or follow to join the translator to the United States. These family members may accompany the translator to the Embassy interview and if the visas are issued, the family may travel as well. The translator will have to provide proof of the marriage relationship and the relationship to the children. What documents should I bring to the interview? In addition to your passport, please bring your Iraqi national identity card (bataqa shaksiya) as well as your military photo identification and originals of any civil documents, such as marriage certificates, birth certificates or death certificate. Will the USG pay the cost for my travel to the interview? No. Can the U.S. Embassy arrange for my entry visas and guarantee admission for my interview? No. While Embassies work closely with their host country counterparts to ensure coordination on important programs like the special immigrant visa program, the final decision about whom to admit into a country rests with the government of that country. Should entry prove to be a problem, the applicant should remain in close contact with the Embassy to which his or her case has been assigned. Can the visa fee be waived? No. We do not have any authority to waive the immigrant visa fees. My question wasn't answered here. Where can I get more information about my pending visa? You should directly contact the Embassy to which your case has been assigned. If your case has been assigned to Embassy Amman, you may e-mail ammansiv@state.gov STEP 4: Arrival in the U.S. Is there support for the transition period in the United States once the translator arrives? Are there any other benefits available to Iraqi and Afghan SIV recipients? Who is responsible for the cost of travel to the United States for the translator? Contact Information Is there support for the transition period in the United States once the translator arrives? While overseas, an SIV recipient should file the Resettlement Benefits Election Form to elect participation in the program described in that form. If an SIV recipient has already arrived in the United States on or after December 26, 2007, he/she may contact the Department of State’s Refugee Processing Center at siv@wrapsnet.org. They will direct the special immigrant to one of the Department of State’s resettlement agencies in his/her geographic location. He/she should contact that agency to make an appointment. For the appointment, the special immigrant and family members should bring passports with SIV visas, evidence of arrival date, and green card (if received). The resettlement agency will confirm eligibility for benefits. Are there any other benefits available to Iraqi and Afghan SIV recipients? Regardless of whether those Iraqi and Afghan SIV recipients who were admitted to the U.S after December 27, 2007 choose to participate in the Department of State resettlement program, they are also eligible for benefits and services funded by the Health and Human Services Office of Refugee Resettlement including Refugee Cash and Medical Assistance and Refugee Social Services. These federally funded programs provide a variety of services and have strict time limits and guidelines for participation. Iraqi recipients of SIVs are eligible for up to eight months of these benefits and services, beginning on their date of admission to the United States. Afghan recipients of SIVs are eligible for up to six months of these benefits and services, beginning on their date of admission to the United States. You can find additional information about these benefits by visiting the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Refugee Resettlement web site at http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr. Who is responsible for the cost of travel to the United States for the translator? If an SIV recipient elects the Department of State's resettlement benefits while still overseas, he/she may be eligible for a travel loan (see the "Option for resettlement benefits now available" above). Contact Information * If you have an approved I-360 petition, please contact the National Visa Center at NVCSIV@state.gov. * If you have an immigrant visa interview scheduled, please contact the embassy where the interview will be scheduled. You can find a list of our embassies at http://usembassy.gov/ * If you think you might be eligible to apply for this visa, please contact your supervisor in the Armed Forces, or the Human Resources office at your Embassy.

1. Which of the following functions or activities involves recruiting and placing qualified? 1. Which of the following functions or activities involves recruiting and placing qualified personnel needed for the organization so that it may achieve its objectives and goals? a) Planning b) Organizing c) Staffing d) Leading 2. The external environment factors related to the values and culture that affect the way people feel about the organization they are in and about work itself is: a) Political factors b) Sociological factors c) Economic factors d) Technological factors 3. The resources within an organization, used to achieve its goal, make up the _______ of a business. a) External environment b) Workers motivation c) Internal environment d) Social Responsibility 4. Which type of decision making is carried out by lower level management and deals with specific day-to-day processes? a) Strategic decision making b) Administrative decision making c) Programmed decision making d) Operational decision making 5. When the subordinates or lower level managers passes information or offer suggestions to higher level management, they are using which type of communication? a) Downward Communication b) Upward Communication c) Lateral Communication d) Informal Communication 6. A few years ago Black and Decker bought General Electric’s small appliance business. 150 products were converted from GE to Black and Decker label. A total of 140 steps were used for each product. It took 3 years. The total conversion of product line was: a) A Program b) A project c) A policy d) A rule 7. The organizational structure in which separate business units are grouped under a manager responsible for performance, strategy and operations is: a) Strategic business units =========================================================== Principles of Management (MGT-503) Quiz # 02 SPRING SEMESTER, 2008 =========================================================== b) A divisional structure c) Functional structure d) A simple structure 8. What is the purpose of organizational structure? a) To help the organization achieve its goals b) To organize processes and procedures that will facilitate production c) To facilitate vertical and horizontal communication d) To provide a clear chain of command 9. Being "closer to customers" is a strength of which form of departmentalization? a) Process b) Functional c) Geographic d) Product 10. Boredom, poor quality, and fatigue are three negative consequences from which organizational design process? a) Span of control b) Decentralization c) Work specialization d) Departmentalization 11. Which organizational structure is designed so that an employee can have two managers? a) Team b) Learning c) Boundary less d) Matrix 12. A very important characteristic of learning organizations is that: a) They must have a wide span of control b) Employees are reluctant to collaborate and share knowledge c) They are highly centralized d) Employees share information and collaborate on work activities 13. An organization that wants to be more responsive to changes in its environment, especially to customers, is likely to have an organization structure that is: a) Decentralized and empowers employees b) Very formal and rule oriented c) Highly centralized d) Mechanistic 14. What should be the relationship between managers and leaders? a) There should be no relationship between management and leadership b) All managers should be leaders c) All leaders should be managers d) All managers should be leaders and all leaders should be managers 15. Which plan cannot be used if rewards are allocated only on seniority basis? a) Employee recognition =========================================================== Principles of Management (MGT-503) Quiz # 02 SPRING SEMESTER, 2008 =========================================================== b) Pay-for-Performance c) Open-book management d) Stock option programs 16. What principle state that satisfaction of one level of need encourages concern with second level? a) Maslow’s hierarchy of need theory b) Satisfaction Progression c) Growth and Achievement d) Frustration Regression 17. Which one of the following is the highest need on Maslow's hierarchy of need theory? a) Self-actualizing b) Safety c) Esteem d) Social 18. A manufacturing company has divided its departments into pattern making, fabric cutting, and fabric coloring. What type of departmentalization is this? a) Geography Departmentalization b) Function Departmentalization c) Process Departmentalization d) Product Departmentalization 19. Which of the following is the most common type of departmentalization? a) Process Departmentalization b) Geography Departmentalization c) Market Departmentalization d) Function Departmentalization 20. The management of people/labor should be handled by which of the following department in an organization? a) Administration b) Information Systems c) Human Resources

Job Search Recommendation on Employment? I am a recent retiree from the United States Army, I retired after a successful career of 24 yrs and I was able to attain the rank of Command Sergeant Major. Education: BS - Public Administration (Upper Iowa University) MA - Human Resource Development (Webster University) MBA - Emphasis in Management & Business Security(Webster University) Certification: Homeland Security (Upper Iowa University) Having serviced in the military for 24 yrs I am new to the Civilian Sector and all the employment jargon. Based off my education and military experience can anyone offer any points on possible employment and for a career military soldier.

What proof do you have that the Bible is a reliable resource? Do you have any scientific proof that all the propaganda, which probably was written by unskillful people with the only ability to write thousands of years ago, defines and commands over the behavior of human nature just for the sake of being saved by a presumed god? This is said by a Catholic, by the way. I personally don't need to read a manual to know what is good and what is bad, because I consider myself intelligent enough to understand it. That said, I believe that the Bible should be considered as not any more reliable as a novel written by whoever. And most of all, I believe that exclusive marriages between man and woman, be forced to do charity, be against abortion, against divorces, and many other points that command over the private life of the people are abonimable and unnatural constrainments. http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4789187645983416294&hl=en

Politicians and their Illusion of Power? Take a look a give your opinion:? Critics accuse libertarians of reveling in government failures. Yes and No. No one is pleased to see the destruction caused by government policies, whether small scale, as when a tighter regulation causes business failures, or large scale, as when wars destroy life for millions. The kernel of truth to the claim is this: the failure of government illustrates something extremely important about the structure of reality that most people are likely to forget. It comes down to this: statesmen and public officials, no matter how powerful they may be, cannot finally control social outcomes. If I might offer a summary of a point emphasized in all of Mises's works: the structure of society and world affairs generally is shaped by human actions, stemming from imaginative human minds working out individual subjective valuations, and their interactions with the material world, which is governed by laws that are beyond human control. What that means is that you and I cannot on our own, even if we have maximum political power, control all of human society, and especially not its economic side. Let's first consider an example from current popular wisdom about the manufacturing base. Many products that were once made in the US – thinking here of televisions, pianos, firecrackers, plastics, and bicycles--are now made in China. This has caused a great deal of alarm--all unwarranted, so far as sound economics is concerned. But let's say we have the ambition to change this social outcome. Anyone is free to build a bicycle and attempt to market it to willing buyers. Let's say you rent some property, hire the workers, acquire all the necessary capital, and then put your bike on sale. In order to cover your costs and make a profit, you find that you must price your bikes above the going market price. Maybe you can persuade people that you have a special product that is better than the others. Or maybe yours will sit on the floor. Or maybe you will have to lower your price and you will find that your revenue does not cover your costs, and you have to go out of business. No matter what you decide, this much is clear: you are not dictating the outcome. You wanted to build bikes, but it is the consuming public that decides whether it is in our interest to do so. There is nothing you have to say about it. You cannot make people fork over the money. I would venture to suggest that you will ultimately come to the conclusion that you should be doing other things besides attempting to keep up with other businesses that have lower labor and capital costs and hence can make a profit through selling goods at much lower prices. But let's say you decide that you don't want to bow to the realities of the market. Instead you lobby Congress to tax everyone who buys a bike from overseas. The tax is high enough that you can continue to charge exorbitant prices for your bikes. You make a profit. But at what expense? The consumers who buy your bikes have less income left over for other pursuits, whether consumption, saving, or investment. The workers you are employing are being kept from other pursuits as well, and the capital you are consuming is not available for other projects. Ultimately, you have skewed the entire economic system in a way that benefits you at everyone else's expense. Others have found a way to do what you are doing much more efficiently, but because you lobbied and got your way, society is prevented from benefiting from others' innovations. And how long must this distorted system last? That you managed to tax everyone to benefit you does nothing to change the reality that others can do what you are doing more cheaply and better. Do workers really want to be employed in an industry that is something of an artifice? Do consumers really want to pay high prices just so that you can continue to indulge in your bike-making passion? Clearly not. At some point, people will catch on to the racket, and find other ways to go about acquiring bikes. Maybe they will exploit loopholes in the law that allow them to import bike parts. An industry of do-it-yourself bike building becomes a threat to your profits. Or perhaps black markets will take over. Or maybe people will turn away from bikes altogether and starting trying out new forms of informal transportation. Skateboards are fitted with handlebars. Gas-powered scooters develop a peddle-only option. The very definition of a bike comes into question. Increasingly, enforcement will have to become ever more onerous. At some point in this game, we face a choice. We can continue to impose an ever more absurd and preposterous system of regulations and protections just so that you can benefit, or we can bow to reality and let in foreign bikes for consumer purchase. Let's say your tariff lasts a year or even ten years. What will it accomplish? In that time, vast resources are wasted. Consumers of all sorts are exploited. Capital is consumed in economically wasteful ways. People are pushed around and the police powers of the state grow. It does society no good at all. My point is that whatever the fate of the so-called manufacturing base, there is nothing in the long run that can be done to turn it in one direction or another. The fate of manufacturing is in the hands of consumers at large, and subject to the laws of economics which no man can repeal. It is the outcome of human choice. Now, the Bush administration has thought otherwise and imposed a huge range of protections to benefit its supporters and people who the administration hoped would become its supporters. The result has been to skew the world economy, hobble markets, delay inevitable transitions, and impose massive social costs. What this example shows is that governments are not omnipotent. Many try to be, and no government is liberal by nature. But there are limits. Governments bump up against human valuations time and again. Even in the highly rarified event of a despotic government that rules a population unanimously in support of despotism, government still bumps up against the structure of the world, which resists control. Let us consider another example. Let us say that government desires a strong dollar. But it still wants to print dollars and ship them around the world. In this case, there is nothing that government can do to insure the dollar’s strength against depreciation. Nothing. This is due to the laws of economics. All else equal, the value of a currency in terms of goods falls as its quantity increases. Governments that desire otherwise can only shake their fist in anger. The same is true domestically. The government wants economic recovery before a recession has fully run its course. It thereby drops interest rates, spends vast amounts of money to gin up demand, and otherwise encourages as much consumption as possible. These tactics can result in some short-term gains but it doesn't work in the long run. These tactics deplete savings and capital and weaken the foundation for solid future growth. The issue of the price of prescription drugs will be a big one in this coming campaign. The problem is high prices. Popular wisdom has it that this is because of the greed of the medical industry. The truth is that these high prices are partly a result of subsidized demand due to Medicare and Medicaid, as well as the restricted supply due to patent laws. In other words, the political class is responsible for the high prices. It's true that the pharmaceutical industry is not complaining. In fact, high prices are precisely what its friends in government want to bring about. They may regret that the poor have to pay the higher prices, but not enough to do anything substantive about it. Prices would plummet today if patents were repealed, free trade (including re-importation) allowed, and subsidized demand ended by the abolition of Medicare and Medicaid. But no one wants to consider that solution, so Congress creates ever more intrusive programs designed to control prices, keeping the prices high enough to satisfy the industry but low enough to reduce the political clamor. The problem is that the government can't have it both ways. It cannot reward its friends with high prices and keep consumers happy at the same time. The current system with its large subsidies is only creating massive new liabilities in programs that cannot be funded in perpetuity without massive tax increases that no one is willing to advocate. Absent tax increases, the only answer is inflation, which taxes us in other ways. One way to think about government is as a rat wandering through a maze with no escape. There is no magic solution to getting around basic economic laws. All lunches must be paid for by someone, prices cannot be both high and low at the same time, and all attempts to coerce generate counter-reactions. In short, there is no alternative universe in which the fantasies of politicians come true. But try telling that to the political class. The last thing they want to hear is that their power is limited, that their will is not a way. They are prone to believe that membership in the political class comes with the privilege of shaping the world to their liking. If you read the social science literature, you find the same error at work on a nearly universal basis. Very rarely does anyone come along and say: great theory but it has nothing to do with reality. You are just playing intellectual games. Socialism was really nothing other than an intellectual game. People from the ancient world to the present conjured up some vision of how they would like the world to work and then advocated a series of measures of how to achieve it. Mises and his generation explained that their vision was fundamentally at odds with reality. In the real world, capital must have price rooted in exchange of private property in order for it to be employed in its highest-valued capacity. It solves nothing to say that everyone should own capital collectively. This was the equivalent of pointing out that the Emperor was wearing no clothes. In some ways, what we do as commentators on economic affairs is to follow this model again and again. The other day, a candidate for president suggested that the answer to our economic woes was more regulation. He had it all figured out in his mind. Immediately, free-market economists from all over the world joined forces to point out that his goal of higher economic productivity could not be achieved this way. It was an unwelcome message but one necessary to deliver regardless. The experience of Iraq has provided myriad examples of the same. The US wants to pump oil. It wants to start factories, stores, and commerce generally. But it refuses to put private owners in charge. As a result, all its military muscle has amounted to very little at great expense. It is a classic example of how governments fail when they try to fight against forces they cannot control. Factories in Iraq that have gone into operation have done so without support of the occupying government. And think of the war generally. At the outset, the visionaries in the Bush administration imagined that Iraq was really a very simple problem to solve. It only needed to be decapitated and the magic dust of the US presence would otherwise create an orderly and prosperous society that would be a model for the region. The reality hit. Crime was unleashed. Feuding political factions clamored for control. Production stopped. Society flew into chaos. This was not because of the absence of the political leadership. It was because of the presence of foreign martial law in a country that was seething in resentment against the US. Time and again, we have seen evidence that the Iraq war only accomplished the opposite of its aims. Its purpose was to find weapons, punish terrorism, and bring order to the region. Instead it has fueled terrorism and brought new levels of disorder to the region. Not having done that, the war is then re-defined in terms that reflect whatever government has done: namely to toss out and capture Saddam, In this sense, the war was like any other government program: bringing about the opposite of its stated intentions and doing so at greater expense. Thus do we see the intersection between foreign and domestic policy. Government is famously ham-handed at home and similarly incompetent abroad. No matter how much government claims that it is master of the universe, it constantly confronts forces beyond its control. In all the talk of the calamity of this war, never forget the broader picture: what an incredible opportunity was squandered after the end of the Cold War. The US had emerged as the universally acknowledged ideological victor in that forty-year struggle. That the Cold War was not actually an ideological struggle so much as a classic standoff between two empires is irrelevant for understanding the implications of this fact: totalitarian communism collapsed while the free economic system of the market remained standing in total triumph. The world was ready for a new period of genuine liberalism, and looking to the US. On the verge of an amazing period of technological advance, we were perfectly situated to lead the way. There had never been a time in US history when George Washington's foreign policy made more sense. A beacon of liberty. Trade with all, belligerence toward none. Commercial engagement with everyone, political engagement with as few as possible. The hand of friendship. Good will. This was the prescription for peace and freedom. It was within our grasp. Our children might have grown up in a world without major political violence. A world of peace and plenty. It could have been. But it was not to be, mainly because George W.'s father decided that he wanted to go down in the history books for doing something big and important. What else but war? The US was now the world's only superpower and itching for some fight somewhere. It's a bit like a playground filled with wimps and one boy with a black belt in karate who never absorbed the lesson in how and where to use his fighting skills. And then there was this oil-drilling dispute between Iraq and Kuwait, and Bush decided to intervene. Twelve years later, the US is still there, causing unrelenting havoc for those poor people. Here at home we are given constant examples of the huge gulf that separates government's perceptions of itself versus the reality. The Bush administration wanted to give the steel industry a boost. The administration established tariffs, which amounts to a tax on all consumers of steel. American manufacturers faced a choice of paying the tax to buy imported steel or paying the higher prices for domestic steel. Those who could do neither had to cut back production and hiring in other areas. Other consumers had to pay higher prices, which diverted income from other pursuits. As for the steel industry itself, the tariffs did nothing to help it achieve greater efficiency, which is the only way to deal with more efficient competitors. They only ended up subsidizing inefficiency. Even then, it wasn't enough. During the period of tariffs, the industry dramatically consolidated in order to become more efficient in other ways. Once faced with the prospect of trade wars, the ultimate cost of protectionism, the Bush administration pulled back and repealed the new tariffs, thereby landing the industry in exactly the same predicament it was in before the tariffs were past. As for commercial society as a whole, it paid dramatically higher steel costs, and faced sporadic shortages, for absolutely no reason. Faced with failure on every front, the Bush administration did the right thing and repealed the tariffs. Not that it was honest about the failure. Instead it claimed its policy worked so well that it could now repeal it. This is like a physician prescribing poison and then changing his mind. He can't but try to put the best spin on it, I suppose. But what a beautiful example of the powerlessness of government this is! The Bush administration wanted to save American industry and only ended up vastly raising the costs of doing all forms of business. More cutbacks are inevitable as steel production shifts to other countries and the US finds its comparative advantage elsewhere. Much legislative energy is poured into helping some groups gain favorable treatment in the workplace. I'm thinking here of the usual litany of victim groups as identified according to race, ability, sex, national origin, religion, and the like. Have these laws actually helped the group in question? The results are mixed at best. If you send people out into the workforce with a high price attached to their heads – and the prospect of a lawsuit is a very high price indeed – you only make employers less likely to hire them. I don’t doubt that some people have been helped by these laws, but they are not the people most in need of help. Today, the disabled, blacks, women, and religious minorities go in search of jobs with a major problem: employers fear them on the margin, and, on the margin, are less likely to hire them relative to others, provided they can get away with it. It is the least qualified among them who pay the highest price. A good test case is disability: it is a documented fact that unemployment among the truly disabled is higher today than it was when the Americans with Disabilities Act was passed. Because libertarians know in advance that government policies are destructive, we tend to focus our editorial energy on pointing to its destructive effects. But in our zeal to draw attention to issues others ignore, let us not forget the bigger picture. There are always limits to what the government can do, and the government's destruction is always accompanied by examples of great creativity on the part of the market. Even as government dominates the headlines, private entrepreneurs are busy every day working to improve products and services that improve our lives. They do it without taxing us or regulating us, or making us suffer through tedious elections or political debates. They make their products and offer them to us in a way that pleases the consuming public the most. We can choose whether we want them or not. Consider the success of Wal-Mart. If government had set out to create a volume discounter that made a world of material goods and groceries available to the multitude in all countries, it might have tried for a thousand years and not created anything resembling this company. Even the military has relented and now routinely points its employees not to its on-base stores but to Wal-Mart, Office Depot, and others for the best prices. Foreign development aid is another example. It took decades to get the message across, but today finance ministers in the developing world understand that they have far more to gain through integration into the world economy than from development aid and all the restrictive policies that come with it. Today, as Sudha Shenoy points out, the largest resistance to new trade deals comes from the developing world, not because they don't want trade but because they desire trade without the labor and environmental controls the US demands. The same is true in the area of communications. In the last century, governments aspired to control them all: the phones, the mails, the media. Today, we see that government, in practice, controls very little of the communications industry, despite every attempt to hobble private enterprise. In that same vein, a major issue for everyone these days are computer viruses and spam, which threaten to make our chief mode of communication less reliable. Congress passes ineffectual legislation against spam and viruses, while private enterprise has given us dozens of means of winning the battle. Private enterprise creates; government destroys. That is the great economic lesson of our times and all times. Of course there is one way in which government never fails. It can loot. It can gain footholds into society's command centers. It can punish enemies. It can even indoctrinate people in its preferred vision of the world through propaganda. This is the best way to understand the public school system. It doesn't work to educate but it does work to transfer vast sums from the private to the public sector. And here too, we see the power of private enterprise: booster clubs in public schools represent a de facto source of privatization, and the clubs and groups connected to them are the only really successful things going on in public school. We’ll hear much in the coming months about all the wonderful reforms politicians are going to bring us. This is the time when politicians vie for our allegiance by telling all about their ideas and vision for the future. As usual, they will parse their words in ways to maximize the numbers of people who are persuaded and minimize the amount of trouble they get into for inadvertently telling people something they don't want to hear. As an aside, whoever came up with this idea of a mass democracy just wasn't thinking things through very clearly. Nothing runs well by majority vote, to say nothing of the fact that a truly free society shouldn't be "run" at all; it works on its own without would-be masters-and-commanders grasping at the helm. Let me then offer to you my own top ten list of political lies you are told, all designed to make you believe that government should have more power than it already has, so that it can create more of the disasters we are accustomed to: 10. My new program will generate jobs. Truth: only the market generates jobs on net. 9. My education program will reform schools so that they leave no child behind. Truth: the public schools do not work for the same reason no government program can work. They exist outside the market economy. 8. My program will save industry x. Truth: industry must be part of the market or else it is not really industry at all. 7. I won't raise your taxes but I will pass lots of new programs: Truth: all programs must be paid for. 6. As president, I will pursue a humble foreign policy. Truth: nothing in the office of the president encourages humility. 5. This war is humanitarian and winnable. Truth: war is nothing but a government program on a massively destructive scale, and just as error prone. 4. My reform will bring market-based competition. Be on the lookout for this lie, which market partisans are likely to believe. There is only one kind of genuine market, and it is rooted in private property and nothing else. 3. We will secure the nation. Truth: government cannot provide security better than markets, any more than it can provide food or houses better than the market. 2. Government is compassionate. Truth: men who seek power over the lives of others are the coldest, cruelest humans of all. 1. You can't love your country and hate your government. Truth: A person who loves his country loves liberty first. One hundred years from now, the great story of the latter part of the 20th century and the first part of the 21st century will be the vast improvements in life wrought by technology. Consider the web, the cell phone, the PDA, the affordable laptop computer, advances in medicine, and the spread of prosperity to all corners of the globe. What has government had to do with this? The answer is: nothing contributory. It has worked only to impede progress, and we can only be thankful that it hasn't succeeded. Through all of human history, governments have caused frightening levels of bloodshed and horror, but in the end, what has prevailed is not power but the market economy. Even today governments can only play catch-up. This is because of the reasons that Mises outlined. Government cannot control the human mind, so it cannot, in the long run, control the choices people make. It cannot control economic forces, which are a far more powerful and permanent feature of the world than any government anyway. Governments have a propensity to overreach in so many areas of life that their exercise of power itself leads to their own undoing. The overreach can take many forms: financial, economic, social, and military. In this way, and with enough passion for liberty burning in the hearts of the citizenry, governments can be responsible for their own undoing. It comes about as a result of overestimating the capacity of power and underestimating its limits. I believe this is happening in our time. It may not be obvious when taking the broad view, but when you look at the status of a huge range of government programs and institutions, what you see is a government that is at once enormously powerful and rich, but also fragile and teetering on the brink of bankruptcy. Events of the last year indicate just how far the government has slipped in its ability to manage the economy, society, culture, and world order. Despite the exalted status of the state today, the vast and sprawling empire called the US government may in fact be less healthy than it ever has been. A few months back, we had a special speaker come to Auburn, probably the most famous man who has visited us since the Country and Western star Alan Jackson was in town. He was Mikhail Gorbachev, a very interesting figure in the history of nations. He came to power with the reputation of a reformer and instituted many reforms that were designed not to give more liberty to the people, but to stop the unraveling of an empire before it was too late. But it was too late. All his talk of perestroika and glasnost couldn't fool the people, who had become convinced that the Soviet machine was something of a hoax. The empire unraveled not because of him, but despite his efforts to save it. When it came time to make the critical decision of whether to try to hold the empire together by more and more force, or not, history had already made the choice for him. The empire dissolved in the blink of an eye. Not too many months later, he was out of a job, not because he was recalled in some formal process, but because the forces of history had run him over. Democratic governments are not immune from the forces of history that overthrew Soviet tyranny. All governments overreach and no government is permanent. So let us fear government but not exaggerate its powers. It can cause enormous damage and it must always be fought. But in this struggle, we are on the right side of history. The power of human choice, aided by the logic of economics and the laws that operate without any bureaucrat's permission, are our source of hope for the future. _______________________________ Llewellyn H. Rockwell http://www.mises.org/story/1396

Please Read. What does it mean to you with the current state of the union and world? Were we warned? Farewell Address Farewell Radio and Television Address to the American People by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, January 17, 1961. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- My fellow Americans: Three days from now, after half a century in the service of our country, I shall lay down the responsibilities of office as, in traditional and solemn ceremony, the authority of the Presidency is vested in my successor. This evening I come to you with a message of leave-taking and farewell, and to share a few final thoughts with you, my countrymen. Like every other citizen, I wish the new President, and all who will labor with him, Godspeed. I pray that the coming years will be blessed with peace and prosperity for all. Our people expect their President and the Congress to find essential agreement on issues of great moment, the wise resolution of which will better shape the future of the Nation. My own relations with the Congress, which began on a remote and tenuous basis when, long ago, a member of the Senate appointed me to West Point, have since ranged to the intimate during the war and immediate post-war period, and, finally, to the mutually interdependent during these past eight years. In this final relationship, the Congress and the Administration have, on most vital issues, cooperated well, to serve the national good rather than mere partisanship, and so have assured that the business of the Nation should go forward. So, my official relationship with the Congress ends in a feeling, on my part, of gratitude that we have been able to do so much together. II We now stand ten years past the midpoint of a century that has witnessed four major wars among great nations. Three of these involved our own country. Despite these holocausts America is today the strongest, the most influential and most productive nation in the world. Understandably proud of this pre-eminence, we yet realize that America's leadership and prestige depend, not merely upon our unmatched material progress, riches and military strength, but on how we use our power in the interests of world peace and human betterment. III Throughout America's adventure in free government, our basic purposes have been to keep the peace; to foster progress in human achievement, and to enhance liberty, dignity and integrity among people and among nations. To strive for less would be unworthy of a free and religious people. Any failure traceable to arrogance, or our lack of comprehension or readiness to sacrifice would inflict upon us grievous hurt both at home and abroad. Progress toward these noble goals is persistently threatened by the conflict now engulfing the world. It commands our whole attention, absorbs our very beings. We face a hostile ideology-global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose, and insidious in method. Unhappily the danger it poses promises to be of indefinite duration. To meet it successfully, there is called for, not so much the emotional and transitory sacrifices of crisis, but rather those which enable us to carry forward steadily, surely, and without complaint the burdens of a prolonged and complex struggle-with liberty at stake. Only thus shall we remain, despite every provocation, on our charted course toward permanent peace and human betterment. Crises there will continue to be. In meeting them, whether foreign or domestic, great or small,there is a recurring temptation to feel that some spectacular and costly action could become the miraculous solution to all current difficulties. A huge increase in newer elements of our defense; development of unrealistic programs to cure every ill in agriculture; a dramatic expansion in basic and applied research-these and many other possibilities, each possibly promising in itself, may be suggested as the only way to the road we wish to travel. But each proposal must be weighed in the light of a broader consideration: the need to maintain balance in and among national programs-balance between the private and the public economy, balance between cost and hoped for advantage-balance between the clearly necessary and the comfortably desirable; balance between our essential requirements as a nation and the duties imposed by the nation upon the individual; balance between action of the moment and the national welfare of the future. Good judgment seeks balance and progress; lack of it eventually finds imbalance and frustration. The record of many decades stands as proof that our people and their government have, in the main, understood these truths and have responded to them well, in the face of stress and threat. But threats, new in kind or degree, constantly arise. I mention two only. IV A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment. Our arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction. Our military organization today bears little relation to that known by any of my predecessors in peace time, or indeed by the fighting men of World War II or Korea. Until the latest of our world conflicts, the United States had no armaments industry. American makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. But now we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense; we have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. Added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. We annually spend on military security more than the net income of all United States corporations. This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence-economic, political, even spiritual-is felt in every city, every state house, every office of the Federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together. Akin to, and largely responsible for the sweeping changes in our industrial-military posture, has been the technological revolution during recent decades. In this revolution, research has become central; it also becomes more formalized, complex, and costly. A steadily increasing share is conducted for, by, or at the direction of, the Federal government. Today, the solitary inventor, tinkering in his shop, has been over shadowed by task forces of scientists in laboratories and testing fields. In the same fashion, the free university, historically the fountainhead of free ideas and scientific discovery, has experienced a revolution in the conduct of research. Partly because of the huge costs involved, a government contract becomes virtually a substitute for intellectual curiosity. For every old blackboard there are now hundreds of new electronic computers. The prospect of domination of the nation's scholars by Federal employment, project allocations, and the power of money is ever present and is gravely to be regarded. Yet, in holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite. It is the task of statesmanship to mold, to balance, and to integrate these and other forces, new and old, within the principles of our democratic system-ever aiming toward the supreme goals of our free society. V Another factor in maintaining balance involves the element of time. As we peer into society's future, we-you and I, and our government-must avoid the impulse to live only for today, plundering, for our own ease and convenience, the precious resources of tomorrow. We cannot mortgage the material assets of our grandchildren without risking the loss also of their political and spiritual heritage. We want democracy to survive for all generations to come, not to become the insolvent phantom of tomorrow. VI Down the long lane of the history yet to be written America knows that this world of ours, ever growing smaller, must avoid becoming a community of dreadful fear and hate, and be, instead, a proud confederation of mutual trust and respect. Such a confederation must be one of equals. The weakest must come to the conference table with the same confidence as do we, protected as we are by our moral, economic, and military strength. That table, though scarred by many past frustrations, cannot be abandoned for the certain agony of the battlefield. Disarmament, with mutual honor and confidence, is a continuing imperative. Together we must learn how to compose difference, not with arms, but with intellect and decent purpose. Because this need is so sharp and apparent I confess that I lay down my official responsibilities in this field with a definite sense of disappointment. As one who has witnessed the horror and the lingering sadness of war-as one who knows that another war could utterly destroy this civilization which has been so slowly and painfully built over thousands of years-I wish I could say tonight that a lasting peace is in sight. Happily, I can say that war has been avoided. Steady progress toward our ultimate goal has been made. But, so much remains to be done. As a private citizen, I shall never cease to do what little I can to help the world advance along that road. VII So-in this my last good night to you as your President-I thank you for the many opportunities you have given me for public service in war and peace. I trust that in that service you find somethings worthy; as for the rest of it, I know you will find ways to improve performance in the future. You and I-my fellow citizens-need to be strong in our faith that all nations, under God, will reach the goal of peace with justice. May we be ever unswerving in devotion to principle, confident but humble with power, diligent in pursuit of the Nation's great goals. To all the peoples of the world, I once more give expression to America's prayerful and continuing aspiration: We pray that peoples of all faiths, all races, all nations, may have their great human needs satisfied; that those now denied opportunity shall come to enjoy it to the full; that all who yearn for freedom may experience its spiritual blessings; that those who have freedom will understand, also, its heavy responsibilities; that all who are insensitive to the needs of others will learn charity; that the scourges of poverty, disease and ignorance will be made to disappear from the earth, and that, in the goodness of time, all peoples will come to live together in a peace guaranteed by the binding force of mutual respect and love.

choose the best option? 16. Organizations using Porter's _____ strategy select a market segment in an industry and attempt to exploit it rather than serve the broad market. A. Cost leadership B. Differentiation C. Stuck in the middle D. Focus 17. ----------- involves increasing----------. A. Job enrichment; job variety B. Job enlargement; job depth C. Job enlargement; job scope D. Job enrichment; job feedback 18. ---------- are an organization's objectives, and --------- are the documented ways that organizations intend to meet those objectives. A. Goals; plans B. Stated goals; real goals C. Standing plans; single-use plans D. Specific plans; directional plans 19. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of well-designed goals? A. Goals should be written in terms of actions rather than outcomes. B. Goals should be measurable and quantifiable. C. Goals should be challenging but attainable. D. Goals should be communicated to all organizational members who need to know about them. 20. Work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, and span of control are ----------- f an organization that managers may be able to change. A. Technologies B. Human resources C. Strategies D. Structural components

so christians, you like to know how wonderful your religion is? why do you still devote yourself to this evil? Ancient Pagans * As soon as Christianity was legal (315), more and more pagan temples were destroyed by Christian mob. Pagan priests were killed. * Between 315 and 6th century thousands of pagan believers were slain. * Examples of destroyed Temples: the Sanctuary of Aesculap in Aegaea, the Temple of Aphrodite in Golgatha, Aphaka in Lebanon, the Heliopolis. * Christian priests such as Mark of Arethusa or Cyrill of Heliopolis were famous as "temple destroyer." [DA468] * Pagan services became punishable by death in 356. [DA468] * Christian Emperor Theodosius (408-450) even had children executed, because they had been playing with remains of pagan statues. [DA469] According to Christian chroniclers he "followed meticulously all Christian teachings..." * In 6th century pagans were declared void of all rights. * In the early fourth century the philosopher Sopatros was executed on demand of Christian authorities. [DA466] * The world famous female philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria was torn to pieces with glass fragments by a hysterical Christian mob led by a Christian minister named Peter, in a church, in 415. [DO19-25] Mission * Emperor Karl (Charlemagne) in 782 had 4500 Saxons, unwilling to convert to Christianity, beheaded. [DO30] * Peasants of Steding (Germany) unwilling to pay suffocating church taxes: between 5,000 and 11,000 men, women and children slain 5/27/1234 near Altenesch/Germany. [WW223] * Battle of Belgrad 1456: 80,000 Turks slaughtered. [DO235] * 15th century Poland: 1019 churches and 17987 villages plundered by Knights of the Order. Victims unknown. [DO30] * 16th and 17th century Ireland. English troops "pacified and civilized" Ireland, where only Gaelic "wild Irish", "unreasonable beasts lived without any knowledge of God or good manners, in common of their goods, cattle, women, children and every other thing." One of the more successful soldiers, a certain Humphrey Gilbert, half-brother of Sir Walter Raleigh, ordered that "the heddes of all those (of what sort soever thei were) which were killed in the daie, should be cutte off from their bodies... and should bee laied on the ground by eche side of the waie", which effort to civilize the Irish indeed caused "greate terrour to the people when thei sawe the heddes of their dedde fathers, brothers, children, kinsfolke, and freinds on the grounde". Tens of thousands of Gaelic Irish fell victim to the carnage. [SH99, 225] Crusades (1095-1291) * First Crusade: 1095 on command of pope Urban II. [WW11-41] * Semlin/Hungary 6/24/96 thousands slain. Wieselburg/Hungary 6/12/96 thousands. [WW23] * 9/9/96-9/26/96 Nikaia, Xerigordon (then turkish), thousands respectively. [WW25-27] * Until Jan 1098 a total of 40 capital cities and 200 castles conquered (number of slain unknown) [WW30] * after 6/3/98 Antiochia (then turkish) conquered, between 10,000 and 60,000 slain. 6/28/98 100,000 Turks (incl. women & children) killed. [WW32-35] Here the Christians "did no other harm to the women found in [the enemy's] tents - save that they ran their lances through their bellies," according to Christian chronicler Fulcher of Chartres. [EC60] * Marra (Maraat an-numan) 12/11/98 thousands killed. Because of the subsequent famine "the already stinking corpses of the enemies were eaten by the Christians" said chronicler Albert Aquensis. [WW36] * Jerusalem conquered 7/15/1099 more than 60,000 victims (jewish, muslim, men, women, children). [WW37-40] (In the words of one witness: "there [in front of Solomon's temple] was such a carnage that our people were wading ankle-deep in the blood of our foes", and after that "happily and crying for joy our people marched to our Saviour's tomb, to honour it and to pay off our debt of gratitude") * The Archbishop of Tyre, eye-witness, wrote: "It was impossible to look upon the vast numbers of the slain without horror; everywhere lay fragments of human bodies, and the very ground was covered with the blood of the slain. It was not alone the spectacle of headless bodies and mutilated limbs strewn in all directions that roused the horror of all who looked upon them. Still more dreadful was it to gaze upon the victors themselves, dripping with blood from head to foot, an ominous sight which brought terror to all who met them. It is reported that within the Temple enclosure alone about ten thousand infidels perished." [TG79] * Christian chronicler Eckehard of Aura noted that "even the following summer in all of palestine the air was polluted by the stench of decomposition". One million victims of the first crusade alone. [WW41] * Battle of Askalon, 8/12/1099. 200,000 heathens slaughtered "in the name of Our Lord Jesus Christ". [WW45] * Fourth crusade: 4/12/1204 Constantinople sacked, number of victims unknown, numerous thousands, many of them Christian. [WW141-148] * Rest of Crusades in less detail: until the fall of Akkon 1291 probably 20 million victims (in the Holy land and Arab/Turkish areas alone). [WW224] Note: All figures according to contemporary (Christian) chroniclers. Heretics * Already in 385 C.E. the first Christians, the Spanish Priscillianus and six followers, were beheaded for heresy in Trier/Germany [DO26] * Manichaean heresy: a crypto-Christian sect decent enough to practice birth control (and thus not as irresponsible as faithful Catholics) was exterminated in huge campaigns all over the Roman empire between 372 C.E. and 444 C.E. Numerous thousands of victims. [NC] * Albigensians: the first Crusade intended to slay other Christians. [DO29] The Albigensians (cathars = Christians allegedly that have all rarely sucked) viewed themselves as good Christians, but would not accept roman Catholic rule, and taxes, and prohibition of birth control. [NC] Begin of violence: on command of pope Innocent III (greatest single pre-nazi mass murderer) in 1209. Bezirs (today France) 7/22/1209 destroyed, all the inhabitants were slaughtered. Victims (including Catholics refusing to turn over their heretic neighbours and friends) 20,000-70,000. [WW179-181] * Carcassonne 8/15/1209, thousands slain. Other cities followed. [WW181] * subsequent 20 years of war until nearly all Cathars (probably half the population of the Languedoc, today southern France) were exterminated. [WW183] * After the war ended (1229) the Inquisition was founded 1232 to search and destroy surviving/hiding heretics. Last Cathars burned at the stake 1324. [WW183] * Estimated one million victims (cathar heresy alone), [WW183] * Other heresies: Waldensians, Paulikians, Runcarians, Josephites, and many others. Most of these sects exterminated, (I believe some Waldensians live today, yet they had to endure 600 years of persecution) I estimate at least hundred thousand victims (including the Spanish inquisition but excluding victims in the New World). * Spanish Inquisitor Torquemada alone allegedly responsible for 10,220 burnings. [DO28] * John Huss, a critic of papal infallibility and indulgences, was burned at the stake in 1415. [LI475-522] * University professor B.Hubmaier burned at the stake 1538 in Vienna. [DO59] * Giordano Bruno, Dominican monk, after having been incarcerated for seven years, was burned at the stake for heresy on the Campo dei Fiori (Rome) on 2/17/1600. Witches * from the beginning of Christianity to 1484 probably more than several thousand. * in the era of witch hunting (1484-1750) according to modern scholars several hundred thousand (about 80% female) burned at the stake or hanged. [WV] * incomplete list of documented cases: The Burning of Witches - A Chronicle of the Burning Times Religious Wars * 15th century: Crusades against Hussites, thousands slain. [DO30] * 1538 pope Paul III declared Crusade against apostate England and all English as slaves of Church (fortunately had not power to go into action). [DO31] * 1568 Spanish Inquisition Tribunal ordered extermination of 3 million rebels in (then Spanish) Netherlands. Thousands were actually slain. [DO31] * 1572 In France about 20,000 Huguenots were killed on command of pope Pius V. Until 17th century 200,000 flee. [DO31] * 17th century: Catholics slay Gaspard de Coligny, a Protestant leader. After murdering him, the Catholic mob mutilated his body, "cutting off his head, his hands, and his genitals... and then dumped him into the river [...but] then, deciding that it was not worthy of being food for the fish, they hauled it out again [... and] dragged what was left ... to the gallows of Montfaulcon, 'to be meat and carrion for maggots and crows'." [SH191] * 17th century: Catholics sack the city of Magdeburg/Germany: roughly 30,000 Protestants were slain. "In a single church fifty women were found beheaded," reported poet Friedrich Schiller, "and infants still sucking the breasts of their lifeless mothers." [SH191] * 17th century 30 years' war (Catholic vs. Protestant): at least 40% of population decimated, mostly in Germany. [DO31-32] Jews * Already in the 4th and 5th centuries synagogues were burned by Christians. Number of Jews slain unknown. * In the middle of the fourth century the first synagogue was destroyed on command of bishop Innocentius of Dertona in Northern Italy. The first synagogue known to have been burned down was near the river Euphrat, on command of the bishop of Kallinikon in the year 388. [DA450] * 17. Council of Toledo 694: Jews were enslaved, their property confiscated, and their children forcibly baptized. [DA454] * The Bishop of Limoges (France) in 1010 had the cities' Jews, who would not convert to Christianity, expelled or killed. [DA453] * First Crusade: Thousands of Jews slaughtered 1096, maybe 12.000 total. Places: Worms 5/18/1096, Mainz 5/27/1096 (1100 persons), Cologne, Neuss, Altenahr, Wevelinghoven, Xanten, Moers, Dortmund, Kerpen, Trier, Metz, Regensburg, Prag and others (All locations Germany except Metz/France, Prag/Czech) [EJ] * Second Crusade: 1147. Several hundred Jews were slain in Ham, Sully, Carentan, and Rameru (all locations in France). [WW57] * Third Crusade: English Jewish communities sacked 1189/90. [DO40] * Fulda/Germany 1235: 34 Jewish men and women slain. [DO41] * 1257, 1267: Jewish communities of London, Canterbury, Northampton, Lincoln, Cambridge, and others exterminated. [DO41] * 1290 in Bohemian (Poland) allegedly 10,000 Jews killed. [DO41] * 1337 Starting in Deggendorf/Germany a Jew-killing craze reaches 51 towns in Bavaria, Austria, Poland. [DO41] * 1348 All Jews of Basel/Switzerland and Strasbourg/France (two thousand) burned. [DO41] * 1349 In more than 350 towns in Germany all Jews murdered, mostly burned alive (in this one year more Jews were killed than Christians in 200 years of ancient Roman persecution of Christians). [DO42] * 1389 In Prag 3,000 Jews were slaughtered. [DO42] * 1391 Seville's Jews killed (Archbishop Martinez leading). 4,000 were slain, 25,000 sold as slaves. [DA454] Their identification was made easy by the brightly colored "badges of shame" that all jews above the age of ten had been forced to wear. * 1492: In the year Columbus set sail to conquer a New World, more than 150,000 Jews were expelled from Spain, many died on their way: 6/30/1492. [MM470-476] * 1648 Chmielnitzki massacres: In Poland about 200,000 Jews were slain. [DO43] (I feel sick ...) this goes on and on, century after century, right into the kilns of Auschwitz. Native Peoples * Beginning with Columbus (a former slave trader and would-be Holy Crusader) the conquest of the New World began, as usual understood as a means to propagate Christianity. * Within hours of landfall on the first inhabited island he encountered in the Caribbean, Columbus seized and carried off six native people who, he said, "ought to be good servants ... [and] would easily be made Christians, because it seemed to me that they belonged to no religion." [SH200] While Columbus described the Indians as "idolators" and "slaves, as many as [the Crown] shall order," his pal Michele de Cuneo, Italian nobleman, referred to the natives as "beasts" because "they eat when they are hungry," and made love "openly whenever they feel like it." [SH204-205] * On every island he set foot on, Columbus planted a cross, "making the declarations that are required" - the requerimiento - to claim the ownership for his Catholic patrons in Spain. And "nobody objected." If the Indians refused or delayed their acceptance (or understanding), the requerimiento continued: I certify to you that, with the help of God, we shall powerfully enter in your country and shall make war against you ... and shall subject you to the yoke and obedience of the Church ... and shall do you all mischief that we can, as to vassals who do not obey and refuse to receive their lord and resist and contradict him." [SH66] * Likewise in the words of John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony: "justifieinge the undertakeres of the intended Plantation in New England ... to carry the Gospell into those parts of the world, ... and to raise a Bulworke against the kingdome of the Ante-Christ." [SH235] * In average two thirds of the native population were killed by colonist-imported smallpox before violence began. This was a great sign of "the marvelous goodness and providence of God" to the Christians of course, e.g. the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony wrote in 1634, as "for the natives, they are near all dead of the smallpox, so as the Lord hath cleared our title to what we possess." [SH109,238] * On Hispaniola alone, on Columbus visits, the native population (Arawak), a rather harmless and happy people living on an island of abundant natural resources, a literal paradise, soon mourned 50,000 dead. [SH204] * The surviving Indians fell victim to rape, murder, enslavement and spanish raids. * As one of the culprits wrote: "So many Indians died that they could not be counted, all through the land the Indians lay dead everywhere. The stench was very great and pestiferous." [SH69] * The indian chief Hatuey fled with his people but was captured and burned alive. As "they were tying him to the stake a Franciscan friar urged him to take Jesus to his heart so that his soul might go to heaven, rather than descend into hell. Hatuey replied that if heaven was where the Christians went, he would rather go to hell." [SH70] * What happened to his people was described by an eyewitness: "The Spaniards found pleasure in inventing all kinds of odd cruelties ... They built a long gibbet, long enough for the toes to touch the ground to prevent strangling, and hanged thirteen [natives] at a time in honor of Christ Our Saviour and the twelve Apostles... then, straw was wrapped around their torn bodies and they were burned alive." [SH72] Or, on another occasion: "The Spaniards cut off the arm of one, the leg or hip of another, and from some their heads at one stroke, like butchers cutting up beef and mutton for market. Six hundred, including the cacique, were thus slain like brute beasts...Vasco [de Balboa] ordered forty of them to be torn to pieces by dogs." [SH83] * The "island's population of about eight million people at the time of Columbus's arrival in 1492 already had declined by a third to a half before the year 1496 was out." Eventually all the island's natives were exterminated, so the Spaniards were "forced" to import slaves from other caribbean islands, who soon suffered the same fate. Thus "the Caribbean's millions of native people [were] thereby effectively liquidated in barely a quarter of a century". [SH72-73] "In less than the normal lifetime of a single human being, an entire culture of millions of people, thousands of years resident in their homeland, had been exterminated." [SH75] * "And then the Spanish turned their attention to the mainland of Mexico and Central America. The slaughter had barely begun. The exquisite city of Tenochtitln [Mexico city] was next." [SH75] * Cortez, Pizarro, De Soto and hundreds of other spanish conquistadors likewise sacked southern and mesoamerican civilizations in the name of Christ (De Soto also sacked Florida). * "When the 16th century ended, some 200,000 Spaniards had moved to the Americas. By that time probably more than 60,000,000 natives were dead." [SH95] Of course no different were the founders of what today is the US of Amerikkka. * Although none of the settlers would have survived winter without native help, they soon set out to expel and exterminate the Indians. Warfare among (north American) Indians was rather harmless, in comparison to European standards, and was meant to avenge insults rather than conquer land. In the words of some of the pilgrim fathers: "Their Warres are farre less bloudy...", so that there usually was "no great slawter of nether side". Indeed, "they might fight seven yeares and not kill seven men." What is more, the Indians usually spared women and children. [SH111] * In the spring of 1612 some English colonists found life among the (generally friendly and generous) natives attractive enough to leave Jamestown - "being idell ... did runne away unto the Indyans," - to live among them (that probably solved a sex problem). "Governor Thomas Dale had them hunted down and executed: 'Some he apointed (sic) to be hanged Some burned Some to be broken upon wheles, others to be staked and some shott to deathe'." [SH105] Of course these elegant measures were restricted for fellow englishmen: "This was the treatment for those who wished to act like Indians. For those who had no choice in the matter, because they were the native people of Virginia" methods were different: "when an Indian was accused by an Englishman of stealing a cup and failing to return it, the English response was to attack the natives in force, burning the entire community" down. [SH105] * On the territory that is now Massachusetts the founding fathers of the colonies were committing genocide, in what has become known as the "Peqout War". The killers were New England Puritan Christians, refugees from persecution in their own home country England. * When however, a dead colonist was found, apparently killed by Narragansett Indians, the Puritan colonists wanted revenge. Despite the Indian chief's pledge they attacked. Somehow they seem to have lost the idea of what they were after, because when they were greeted by Pequot Indians (long-time foes of the Narragansetts) the troops nevertheless made war on the Pequots and burned their villages. The puritan commander-in-charge John Mason after one massacre wrote: "And indeed such a dreadful Terror did the Almighty let fall upon their Spirits, that they would fly from us and run into the very Flames, where many of them perished ... God was above them, who laughed his Enemies and the Enemies of his People to Scorn, making them as a fiery Oven ... Thus did the Lord judge among the Heathen, filling the Place with dead Bodies": men, women, children. [SH113-114] * So "the Lord was pleased to smite our Enemies in the hinder Parts, and to give us their land for an inheritance". [SH111]. * Because of his readers' assumed knowledge of Deuteronomy, there was no need for Mason to quote the words that immediately follow: "Thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth. But thou shalt utterly destroy them..." (Deut 20) * Mason's comrade Underhill recalled how "great and doleful was the bloody sight to the view of the young soldiers" yet reassured his readers that "sometimes the Scripture declareth women and children must perish with their parents". [SH114] * Other Indians were killed in successful plots of poisoning. The colonists even had dogs especially trained to kill Indians and to devour children from their mothers breasts, in the colonists' own words: "blood Hounds to draw after them, and Mastives to seaze them." (This was inspired by spanish methods of the time) In this way they continued until the extermination of the Pequots was near. [SH107-119] * The surviving handful of Indians "were parceled out to live in servitude. John Endicott and his pastor wrote to the governor asking for 'a share' of the captives, specifically 'a young woman or girle and a boy if you thinke good'." [SH115] * Other tribes were to follow the same path. * Comment the Christian exterminators: "God's Will, which will at last give us cause to say: How Great is His Goodness! and How Great is his Beauty!" "Thus doth the Lord Jesus make them to bow before him, and to lick the Dust!" [TA] * Like today, lying was OK to Christians then. "Peace treaties were signed with every intention to violate them: when the Indians 'grow secure uppon (sic) the treatie', advised the Council of State in Virginia, 'we shall have the better Advantage both to surprise them, & cutt downe theire Corne'." [SH106] * In 1624 sixty heavily armed Englishmen cut down 800 defenseless Indian men, women and children. [SH107] * In a single massacre in "King Philip's War" of 1675 and 1676 some "600 Indians were destroyed. A delighted Cotton Mather, revered pastor of the Second Church in Boston, later referred to the slaughter as a 'barbeque'." [SH115] * To summarize: Before the arrival of the English, the western Abenaki people in New Hampshire and Vermont had numbered 12,000. Less than half a century later about 250 remained alive - a destruction rate of 98%. The Pocumtuck people had numbered more than 18,000, fifty years later they were down to 920 - 95% destroyed. The Quiripi-Unquachog people had numbered about 30,000, fifty years later they were down to 1500 - 95% destroyed. The Massachusetts people had numbered at least 44,000, fifty years later barely 6000 were alive - 81% destroyed. [SH118] These are only a few examples of the multitude of tribes living before Christian colonists set their foot on the New World. All this was before the smallpox epidemics of 1677 and 1678 had occurred. And the carnage was not over then. * All the above was only the beginning of the European colonization, it was before the frontier age actually had begun. * A total of maybe more than 150 million Indians (of both Americas) were destroyed in the period of 1500 to 1900, as an average two thirds by smallpox and other epidemics, that leaves some 50 million killed directly by violence, bad treatment and slavery. * In many countries, such as Brazil, and Guatemala, this continues even today. More Glorious events in US history * Reverend Solomon Stoddard, one of New England's most esteemed religious leaders, in "1703 formally proposed to the Massachusetts Governor that the colonists be given the financial wherewithal to purchase and train large packs of dogs 'to hunt Indians as they do bears'." [SH241] * Massacre of Sand Creek, Colorado 11/29/1864. Colonel John Chivington, a former Methodist minister and still elder in the church ("I long to be wading in gore") had a Cheyenne village of about 600, mostly women and children, gunned down despite the chiefs' waving with a white flag: 400-500 killed. From an eye-witness account: "There were some thirty or forty squaws collected in a hole for protection; they sent out a little girl about six years old with a white flag on a stick; she had not proceeded but a few steps when she was shot and killed. All the squaws in that hole were afterwards killed ..." [SH131] More gory details. * By the 1860s, "in Hawai'i the Reverend Rufus Anderson surveyed the carnage that by then had reduced those islands' native population by 90 percent or more, and he declined to see it as tragedy; the expected total die-off of the Hawaiian population was only natural, this missionary said, somewhat equivalent to 'the amputation of diseased members of the body'." [SH244]

I read a article about Rescues importing dogs so they can stay open? do you believe this to be true? Isnt it like firemen starting fires? no hating just answer the question and tell me what you think... "Shelters" are IMPORTING DOGS from FOREIGN COUNTRIES. It is an established fact. We have posted major news sources, the AKC and major AR sources. There are hundreds of sources. Google it yourself. It cannot be denied. Notice that the "shelter" intakes are down 70% to 90%. What does this mean: 1. "Shelters" don't want to loose their "adoption" price. 2. They don't have enough dogs. Overpopulation is a lie. 3. They are willing to INCREASE the population of dogs. 4. They are unconcerned about bringing in diseases. There are hundreds of sources that proove so-called "shelters" are IMPORTING DOGS from FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Here are a few. ----------------------------------------------- "Today, nationwide, studies show that the future is now. Since peaking about 30 years ago, shelter intakes and euthanasias for dogs have decreased by 70-90 percent or more in most US cities, particularly those on the east and west coasts....Some are importing stray dogs across state lines and from foreign countries to maintain an inventory of adoptable dogs. Other shelters are misapplying no-kill shelter principles by adopting out seriously ill and bad-tempered dogs." Here's the source: http://www.mofed.org/Redefining.html This is from NAIA (National Animal Interest Alliance The mission of NAIA is to promote the welfare of animals, to strengthen the human-animal bond and safeguard the rights of responsible animal owners.http://www.naiaonline.org/articles/archives/redefining.htm ------------------------------------------------ "Critics say many shelters have solved the stray problem in their own area – but rather than shut down, they become de facto pet stores...Animal shelters in the USA are casting a wide net – from Puerto Rico to as far as Taiwan – to fill kennels,... Some charge more than $200 per adoption for IMPORTED dogs." http://enews.tufts.edu/stories/020603FillingEmptyPounds.htm This is from TUFTS e-news ------------------------------------------------ In the past 7 years, Puerto Rico alone has sent 14,000 strays to the U.S. for adoption. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2003-01-30-dogs-usat_x.htm This is from USA Today, a major news source. ------------------------------------------------ More animal shelters trade responsible conduct for media limelight by importing foreign strays for adoption dogs http://www.naiatrust.org/resources/foreign_strays.htm ------------------------------------------------- . They ensure a sufficient supply of adoptable dogs by importing them from foreign countries. http://www.toybreeds.com/animalshelters.htm ------------------------------------------------- THE MYTH OF OVER POPULATION IN REGARD TO SHELTER ANIMALS http://www.ncraoa.com/articles/canine/OverPopulationMyth.html ------------------------------------------------- The answer for some shelters with empty runs has not been to contact shelters in their own regions or in other areas of the continental US, but to institute programs of importation from other countries and territories. http://www.naiaonline.org/body/articles/archives/humane_insane.htm ------------------------------------------------ Dr. Clifford McGinnis, New Hampshire's state veterinarian. He says he was infuriated when he learned that shelters in his state were bringing in dogs not only from Southern states, but also from Puerto Rico and other countries. http://lists.envirolink.org/pipermail/ar-news/Week-of-Mon-20040223/019975.html ------------------------------------------------ Rep. Kahn has introduced H3650 to prohibit public and private shelters from importing dogs from any other country, United States territory, Hawaii or Alaska. Shelters must also forward the name, address and drivers license number or other official state identification number of the person providing the cat or dog to the Commissioner of Public Health. H3650 has been assigned to the Joint Committee on Public Health and is supported by the Massachusetts Federation of Dog Clubs. http://www.akc.org/enewsletter/taking_command/2005/june/around_nation.cfm please ead the whole thing usa today even wrote about it.... wow I never looked at from that point of veiw thank you for the great answers wow you would think India would have it under control...

in his speech what u think he is trying to say Robert F. Kennedy? Mr. Chancellor, Mr. Vice Chancellor, Professor Robertson, Mr. Diamond, Mr. Daniel, Ladies and Gentlemen: I come here this evening because of my deep interest and affection for a land settled by the Dutch in the mid-seventeenth century, then taken over by the British, and at last independent; a land in which the native inhabitants were at first subdued, but relations with whom remain a problem to this day; a land which defined itself on a hostile frontier; a land which has tamed rich natural resources through the energetic application of modern technology; a land which was once the importer of slaves, and now must struggle to wipe out the last traces of that former bondage. I refer, of course, to the United States of America. But I am glad to come here, and my wife and I and all of our party are glad to come here to South Africa, and we are glad to come here to Capetown. I am already greatly enjoying my visit here. I am making an effort to meet and exchange views with people of all walks of life, and all segments of South African opinion -- including those who represent the views of the government. Today I am glad to meet with the National Union of South African Students. For a decade, NUSAS has stood and worked for the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- principles which embody the collective hopes of men of good will around the globe. Your work, at home and in international student affairs, has brought great credit to yourselves and your country. I know the National Student Association in the United States feels a particularly close relationship with this organization. And I wish to thank especially Mr. Ian Robertson, who first extended this invitation on behalf of NUSAS, I wish to thank him for his kindness to me in inviting me. I am very sorry that he can not be with us here this evening. I was happy to have had the opportunity to meet and speak with him earlier this evening, and I presented him with a copy of Profiles in Courage, which was a book written by President John Kennedy and was signed to him by President Kennedy's widow, Mrs. John Kennedy. This is a Day of Affirmation -- a celebration of liberty. We stand here in the name of freedom. At the heart of that western freedom and democracy is the belief that the individual man, the child of God, is the touchstone of value, and all society, all groups, and states, exist for that person's benefit. Therefore the enlargement of liberty for individual human beings must be the supreme goal and the abiding practice of any western society. The first element of this individual liberty is the freedom of speech; the right to express and communicate ideas, to set oneself apart from the dumb beasts of field and forest; the right to recall governments to their duties and obligations; above all, the right to affirm one's membership and allegiance to the body politic -- to society -- to the men with whom we share our land, our heritage and our children's future. Hand in hand with freedom of speech goes the power to be heard -- to share in the decisions of government which shape men's lives. Everything that makes man's lives worthwhile -- family, work, education, a place to rear one's children and a place to rest one's head -- all this depends on the decisions of government; all can be swept away by a government which does not heed the demands of its people, and I mean all of its people. Therefore, the essential humanity of man can be protected and preserved only where the government must answer -- not just to the wealthy; not just to those of a particular religion, not just to those of a particular race; but to all of the people. And even government by the consent of the governed, as in our own Constitution, must be limited in its power to act against its people: so that there may be no interference with the right to worship, but also no interference with the security of the home; no arbitrary imposition of pains or penalties on an ordinary citizen by officials high or low; no restriction on the freedom of men to seek education or to seek work or opportunity of any kind, so that each man may become all that he is capable of becoming. These are the sacred rights of western society. These were the essential differences between us and Nazi Germany as they were between Athens and Persia. They are the essences of our differences with communism today. I am unalterably opposed to communism because it exalts the state over the individual and over the family, and because its system contains a lack of freedom of speech, of protest, of religion, and of the press, which is characteristic of a totalitarian regime. The way of opposition to communism, however, is not to imitate its dictatorship, but to enlarge individual human freedom. There are those in every land who would label as "communist" every threat to their privilege. But may I say to you , as I have seen on my travels in all sections of the world, reform is not communism. And the denial of freedom, in whatever name, only strengthens the very communism it claims to oppose. Many nations have set forth their own definitions and declarations of these principles. And there have often been wide and tragic gaps between promise and performance, ideal and reality. Yet the great ideals have constantly recalled us to our own duties. And -- with painful slowness -- we in the United States have extended and enlarged the meaning and the practice of freedom to all of our people. For two centuries, my own country has struggled to overcome the self-imposed handicap of prejudice and discrimination based on nationality, on social class or race -- discrimination profoundly repugnant to the theory and to the command of our Constitution. Even as my father grew up in Boston, Massachusetts, signs told him that "No Irish Need Apply". Two generations later, President Kennedy became the first Irish Catholic, and the first Catholic, to head the nation; but how many men of ability had, before 1961, been denied the opportunity to contribute to the nation's progress because they were Catholic, or because they were of Irish extraction? How many sons of Italian or Jewish or Polish parents slumbered in the slums -- untaught, unlearned, their potential lost forever to our nation and to the human race? Even today, what price will we pay before we have assured full opportunity to millions of Negro Americans? In the last five years we have done more to assure equality to our Negro citizens and to help the deprived, both white and black, than in the hundred years before that time. But much, much more remains to be done. For there are millions of Negroes untrained for the simplest of jobs, and thousands every day denied their full and equal rights under the law; and the violence of the disinherited, the insulted and the injured, looms over the streets of Harlem and of Watts and Southside Chicago. But a Negro American trains as an astronaut, one of mankind's first explorers into outer space; another is the chief barrister of the United States government, and dozens sit on the benches of our court; and another, Dr. Martin Luther King, is the second man of African descent to win the Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent efforts for social justice between all of the races. We have passed laws prohibiting discrimination in education, in employment, in housing; but these laws alone cannot overcome the heritage of centuries -- of broken families and stunted children, and poverty and degradation and pain. So the road toward equality of freedom is not easy, and great cost and danger march alongside all of us. We are committed to peaceful and non-violent change and that is important for all to understand -- though change is unsettling. Still, even in the turbulence of protest and struggle is greater hope for the future, as men learn to claim and achieve for themselves the rights formerly petitioned from others. And most important of all, all the panoply of government power has been committed to the goal of equality before the law -- as we are now committing ourselves to achievement of equal opportunity in fact. We must recognize the full human equality of all of our people -- before God, before the law, and in the councils of government. We must do this, not because it is economically advantageous -- although it is; not because the laws of God command it -- although they do; not because people in other lands wish it so. We must do it for the single and fundamental reason that it is the right thing to do. We recognize that there are problems and obstacles before the fulfillment of these ideals in the United States as we recognize that other nations, in Latin America and in Asia and in Africa have their own political, economic, and social problems, their unique barriers to the elimination of injustices. In some, there is concern that change will submerge the rights of a minority, particularly where that minority is of a different race than that of the majority. We in the United States believe in the protection of minorities; we recognize the contributions that they can make and the leadership they can provide; and we do not believe that any people -- whether majority or minority, or individual human beings -- are "expendable" in the cause of theory or policy. We recognize also that justice between men and nations is imperfect, and that humanity sometimes progresses very slowly indeed. All do not develop in the same manner and at the same pace. Nations, like men, often march to the beat of different drummers, and the precise solutions of the United States can neither be dictated nor transplanted to others, and that is not our intention. What is important however is that all nations must march toward increasing freedom; toward justice for all; toward a society strong and flexible enough to meet the demands of all of its people, whatever their race, and the demands of a world of immense and dizzying change that face us all. In a few hours, the plane that brought me to this country crossed over oceans and countries which have been a crucible of human history. In minutes we traced migrations of men over thousands of years; seconds, the briefest glimpse, and we passed battlefields on which millions of men once struggled and died. We could see no national boundaries, no vast gulfs or high walls dividing people from people; only nature and the works of man -- homes and factories and farms -- everywhere reflecting man's common effort to enrich his life. Everywhere new technology and communications brings men and nations closer together, the concerns of one inevitably become the concerns of all. And our new closeness is stripping away the false masks, the illusion of differences which is at the root of injustice and hate and war. Only earthbound man still clings to the dark and poisoning superstition that his world is bounded by the nearest hill, his universe ends at river's shore, his common humanity is enclosed in the tight circle of those who share his town or his views and the color of his skin. It is your job, the task of the young people in this world to strip the last remnants of that ancient, cruel belief from the civilization of man. Each nation has different obstacles and different goals, shaped by the vagaries of history and of experience. Yet as I talk to young people around the world I am impressed not by the diversity but by the closeness of their goals, their desires, and their concerns and their hope for the future. There is discrimination in New York, the racial inequality of apartheid in South Africa, and serfdom in the mountains of Peru. People starve to death in the streets of India; a former Prime Minister is summarily executed in the Congo; intellectuals go to jail in Russia; and thousands are slaughtered in Indonesia; wealth is lavished on armaments everywhere in the world. These are different evils; but they are the common works of man. They reflect the imperfections of human justice, the inadequacy of human compassion, the defectiveness of our sensibility toward the sufferings of our fellows; they mark the limit of our ability to use knowledge for the well-being of our fellow human beings throughout the world. And therefore they call upon common qualities of conscience and indignation, a shared determination to wipe away the unnecessary sufferings of our fellow human beings at home and around the world. It is these qualities which make of our youth today the only true international community. More than this I think that we could agree on what kind of a world we want to build. It would be a world of independent nations, moving toward international community, each of which protected and respected the basic human freedoms. It would be a world which demanded of each government that it accept its responsibility to insure social justice. It would be a world of constantly accelerating economic progress -- not material welfare as an end in of itself, but as a means to liberate the capacity of every human being to pursue his talents and to pursue his hopes. It would, in short, be a world that we would all be proud to have built. Just to the North of here are lands of challenge and of opportunity -- rich in natural resources, land and minerals and people. Yet they are also lands confronted by the greatest odds -- overwhelming ignorance, internal tensions and strife, and great obstacles of climate and geography. Many of these nations, as colonies, were oppressed and were exploited. Yet they have not estranged themselves from the broad traditions of the West; they are hoping and they are gambling their progress and their stability on the chance that we will meet our responsibilities to them, to help them overcome their poverty. In the world we would like to build, South Africa could play an outstanding role, and a role of leadership in that effort. This country is without question a preeminent repository of the wealth and the knowledge and the skill of the continent. Here are the greater part of Africa's research scientists and steel production, most of it reservoirs of coal and of electric power. Many South Africans have made major contributions to African technical development and world science; the names of some are known wherever men seek to eliminate the ravages of tropical disease and of pestilence. In your faculties and councils, here in this very audience, are hundreds and thousands of men and women who could transform the lives of millions for all time to come. But the help and leadership of South Africa or of the United States cannot be accepted if we -- within our own countries or in our relationships with others -- deny individual integrity, human dignity, and the common humanity of man. If we would lead outside our own borders; if we would help those who need our assistance; if we would meet our responsibilities to mankind; we must first, all of us, demolish the borders which history has erected between men within our own nations -- barriers of race and religion, social class and ignorance. Our answer is the world's hope; it is to rely on youth. The cruelties and the obstacles of this swiftly changing planet will not yield to obsolete dogmas and outworn slogans. It cannot be moved by those who cling to a present which is already dying, who prefer the illusion of security to the excitement and danger which comes with even the most peaceful progress. This world demands the qualities of youth: not a time of life but a state of mind, a temper of the will, a quality of imagination, a predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the life of ease -- a man like the Chancellor of this University. It is a revolutionary world that we all live in; and thus, as I have said in Latin America and Asia and in Europe and in my own country, the United States, it is the young people who must take the lead. Thus you, and your young compatriots everywhere have had thrust upon you a greater burden of responsibility than any generation that has ever lived. "There is," said an Italian philosopher, "nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things." Yet this is the measure of the task of your generation and the road is strewn with many dangers. First is the danger of futility; the belief there is nothing one man or one woman cando against the enormous array of the world's ills -- against misery, against ignorance, or injustice and violence. Yet many of the world's great movements, of thought and action, have flowed from the work of a single man. A young monk began the Protestant reformation, a young general extended an empire from Macedonia to the borders of the earth, and a young woman reclaimed the territory of France. It was a young Italian explorer who discovered the New /world, and 32 year old Thomas Jefferson who proclaimed that all men are created equal. "Give me a place to stand," said Archimedes, "and I will move the world." These men moved the world, and so can we all. Few will have the greatness to bend history; but each of us can work to change a small portion of the events, and in the total of all these acts will be written the history of this generation. Thousands of Peace Corps volunteers are making a difference in the isolated villages and the city slums of dozens of countries. Thousands of unknown men and women in Europe resisted the occupation of the Nazis and many died, but all added to the ultimate strength and freedom of their countries. It is from numberless diverse acts of courage such as these that the belief that human history is thus shaped. Each time a man stands up for an ideal, or acts to improve the lot of others, or strikes out against injustice, he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope, and crossing each other from a million different centers of energy and daring those ripples build a current which can sweep down the mightiest walls of oppression and resistance. "If Athens shall appear great to you," said Pericles, "consider then that her glories were purchased by valiant men, and by men who learned their duty." That is the source of all greatness in all societies, and it is the key to progress in our own time. The second danger is that of expediency; of those who say that hopes and beliefs must bend before immediate necessities. Of course if we must act effectively we must deal with the world as it is. We must get things done. But if there was one thing that President Kennedy stood for that touched the most profound feeling of young people across the world, it was the belief that idealism, high aspiration and deep convictions are not incompatible with the most practical and efficient of programs -- that there is no basic inconsistency between ideals and realistic possibilities -- no separation between the deepest desires of heart and of mind and the rational application of human effort to human problems. It is not realistic or hard-headed to solve problems and take action unguided by ultimate moral aims and values, although we all know some who claim that it is so. In my judgement, it is thoughtless folly. For it ignores the realities of human faith and of passion and of belief; forces ultimately more powerful than all the calculations of our economists or of our generals. Of course to adhere to standards, to idealism, to vision in the face of immediate dangers takes great courage and takes self-confidence. But we also know that only those who dare to fail greatly, can ever achieve greatly. It is this new idealism which is also, I believe, the common heritage of a generation which has learned that while efficiency can lead to the camps at Auschwitz, or the streets of Budapest, only the ideals of humanity and love can climb the hills of the Acropolis. A third danger is timidity. Few men are willing to brave the disapproval of their fellows, the censure of their colleagues, the wrath of their society. Moral courage is a rarer commodity than bravery in battle or great intelligence. Yet it is the one essential, vital quality for those who seek to change the world which yields most painfully to change. Aristotle tells us "At the Olympic games it is not the finest or the strongest men who are crowned, but those who enter the lists. . .so too in the life of the honorable and the good it is they who act rightly who win the prize." I believe that in this generation those with the courage to enter the conflict will find themselves with companions in every corner of the world. For the fortunate amongst us, the fourth danger is comfort; the temptation to follow the easy and familiar path of personal ambition and financial success so grandly spread before those who have the privelege of an education. But that is not the road history has marked out for us. There is a Chinese curse which says "May he live in interesting times." Like it or not, we live in interesting times. They are times of danger and uncertainty; but they are also the most creative of any time in the history of mankind. And everyone here will ultimately be judged -- will ultimately judge himself -- on the effort he has contributed to building a new world society and the extent to which his ideals and goals have shaped that effort. So we part, I to my country and you to remain. We are -- if a man of forty can claim the privelege -- fellow members of the world's largest younger generation. Each of us have our own work to do. I know at times you must feel very alone with your problems and with your difficulties. But I want to say how impressed I am with what you stand for and for the effort you are making; and I say this not just for myself, but men and women all over the world. And I hope you will often take heart from the knowledge that you are joined with your fellow young people in every land, they struggling with their problems and you with yours, but all joined in a common purpose; that, like the young people of my own country and of every country that I have visited, you are all in many ways more closely united to the brothers of your time than to the older generation in any of these nations; you are determined to build a better future. President Kennedy was speaking to the young people of America, but beyond them to young people everywhere, when he said "The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it -- and the glow from that fire can truly light the world." And, he added, "With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth and lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own." I thank you.

Please Help Me. :) Thank you!? 15. The executive branch of the state is headed by the (2 points) speaker of the house. lieutenant governor. attorney general. governor. 16. This is issued by the state to make the incorporated community legal. (2 points) referendum charter bond mass transit permit 17. The ability of nations to develop economically while at the same time protecting the environment is called (2 points) equilibrium. human rights. sustainable development. positive rights. 18. An economic system with a central authority is called a (2 points) mixed system. traditional system. command system. market system. 19. Because society does not have all the resources that everyone wants, this exists. (2 points) comparative advantage scarcity nationalization free trade agreements 20. Risk takers who produce goods and services in search of profit are (2 points) entrepreneurs. a monopoly. trading blocs. factors of production.

arkadaşlar sıkıştım yardım ederseniz cok sevınırım bu makaleyı turkceye cevırmem lazım yardımcı olun lutfen :? War is not as simple as it used to be. Wars (or armed conflicts, to use the modern term) between states are now infrequent and civil wars, which have always happened, attract more attention than previously. In the face of terror and localized violence to civilians on a large scale within a state the United Nations (UN), or even other states, may feel compelled to do something to prevent such actions in the future. This ‘something’ may involve the use of armed force to defeat or ‘bring to justice’ those considered responsible for the condemned acts. Frequently overlaid with such action is the desire of aid agencies to provide medical and other services to those affected by the conflict. In reality, terror on a large scale tests to the extreme the law's ability to prevent it. This paper is concerned with one aspect of the matter—namely, the activities of freedom fighters and rebels in civil wars and how international law (in the form of international humanitarian law) can be used to protect those who do not take part in the conflict. This is a widespread phenomenon which should not be overshadowed by the events of 11 September 2001. International humanitarian law (or the laws of war) has developed principally to control the treatment of the ‘victims’ of an international armed conflict, such as the wounded and sick, shipwrecked, prisoners of war and civilians. The four 1949 Geneva Conventions and their first Additional Protocol of 1977 are the main sources of this law. Members of the armed forces of a state are entitled to take part in the conflict, are styled as ‘lawful combatants’ and upon capture are to be treated as prisoners of war, entitled to the detailed regimen set out in the third Geneva Convention of 1949. The 1949 Geneva Conventions contain only one Article dealing with a non-international armed conflict (common Article 3) but Additional Protocol II of 1977 (much shorter than Protocol I) applies to conflicts between the armed forces of a state and ‘dissident armed forces or other organised armed groups, which under responsible command exercise such control over a part of the territory as to enable them to carry out sustained and concerted military operations and to implement this protocol’. The article does not apply to sporadic acts of violence, and a state may of course deny that what is happening is an armed conflict. As at 19 April 2001 there are 157 States party to this Protocol; all 189 members of the UN have signed up to the Geneva Conventions of 1949. In this paper I concentrate on non-international armed conflicts, or civil wars, though the term can be ambiguous. There may be doubt whether the armed conflict is international or non-international: a state may disintegrate into separate states; there may be an attempt to take over the government of a state by ‘rebels’; ‘warlords’ may control part of the territory of the state rich in natural resources; ‘freedom fighters’ may seek independence for a part of the state comprised of a particular ethnic group. The intensity of the conflict may increase and decrease. The state concerned may be strong or weak. I shall refer to those who fight against the armed forces of the state as ‘rebels’. Government forces will usually have an advantage, in terms of military equipment and manpower, over the rebels. For instance, the rebels are unlikely to possess jet bombers or sophisticated attack helicopters. The rebels may therefore resort to more ‘basic’ activities that include terrorizing, killing or injuring those who are not taking an active part in the conflict. Moreover, rebels are unlikely to have any knowledge or training in the limits of action imposed by international humanitarian law (it has to be assumed that government forces will have had some basic training in this area of law and that the commanders will wish to maintain discipline amongst their troops). Overlaid with international humanitarian law is the law of the state concerned. Thus, rebels will often be seen by the government as ‘outlaws’ or ‘terrorists’. In such conflicts, unlike international armed conflicts, there is no notion of the ‘lawful combatant’ on the part of the rebels. Top CAN REBELS BE ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR ACTIONS? HUMAN RIGHTS OF WHAT RELEVANCE IS THIS LAW TO REBELS? References CAN REBELS BE ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR ACTIONS?If captured, a rebel may face prosecution under the national law of the state, which is likely to include emergency legislation. A prosecutor will have no difficulty in finding criminal offences with which to charge individuals, ranging from treason, murder and assault to destruction of property, membership of a proscribed organization, possession of ammunition. The International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and its Rwanda counterpart have established that rebels may be charged with breaches of the laws or customs of war or of common Article 3 to the 1949 Geneva Conventions (which protects non-combatants, among others), or crim

Original Sin; Is this doctrine backed up by the Bible? The words "Original Sin" don't exist in the Bible or Jewish writings. The "fall" of Adam was an interpretation formed sometime after the Exile and return of the Jews to Judea. This is the heart of Christian theology as taught by Saul of Tarsus. Jesus was some kind of human/deity sacrifice to make up for the alleged "sin" of Adam where mankind became mortal as punishment for Adam. Quoting Paul, Romans. 5:12, "Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned" Romans. 5:19, "For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners" 1 Corinthians. 15:22 "For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive." No amount of hype or theological double-talk changes the fact this whole concept is immoral and unjust. Punishing millions of people for the acts of one is irrational. The concept of Original Sin is unsupported in the Jewish scriptures Deut. 24:16, "The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin." 2 Kings 14:6, But the children of the murderers he slew not: according unto that which is written in the book of the law of Moses, wherein the LORD commanded, saying, The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, nor the children be put to death for the fathers; but every man shall be put to death for his own sin." Ezek. 18:20 "The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him." Ezek.33:20, "Yet ye say, The way of the Lord is not equal. O ye house of Israel, I will judge you every one after his ways." Jer. 31:29-30 In those days they shall say no more, The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children's teeth are set on edge. But every one shall die for his own iniquity: every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge." Judaism is emphatic that a person is born innocent - not evil, not good either, but innocent. Jews believe that man enters the world free of sin, with a soul that is pure and innocent and untainted. We are given a clean slate. But we are not born into an innocent world. The world we are born into is one of challenge, difficulty, pain and evil. But all these are merely means to an end: it is through facing challenges that we grow as human beings, through going through difficulty we bring out deeper resources from within, through pain we become stronger and by combatting evil we create a world of good. In the beginning Adam and Eve were pure beings who entered a perfect world. There was no pain, death, etc. in their world. The "knowledge of good and evil" was a tree that they were told to stay away from in order to maintain this perfect world. "On the day you eat from the tree you will become mortal" (Not just die as the KJV says.) In other words because of Adam the world we are born into, changed, from Paradise to what we have now, that the world as we know it is the consequence of Adams sin. Not that Mankind is predestined with the stain of sin no matter what! to make things easier I wrote this in a document first and then cut and pasted it, sorry it is a bit long lol Thank-you for all the great answers, I will leave it to you to decide best answer Happy Holidays

Final Fantasy Games Story? Can anybody point me to a good Final Fantasy website that will give me the backstory of the games as a whole? I just bought FF XII today, since I heard that it was THE BEST RPG out there. And obviously I don't have the funds to buy all 20 or so games and the hoards of movies out there (I wouldn't be asking if I had THOSE kind of resources at my disposal; after all, this was mainly a casual purchase out of interest, since I had Kingdom Hearts II and it had FF characters in it, which piqued my interest in the subject)! I looked in a search or two for it, but it produced nothing. I've learned from experience that no matter what you try searching for, and no matter how advanced the search engine is, it still isn't enough to narrow the search down to the best websites in one search! That's precisely why I'm asking HUMAN BEINGS that can think for themselves and are not operated on some set of commands. Anyhow, I will award best answer to the most comprehensive site named. No doubles allowed!

so, what do you think of the first 700 words, or so of this? i know, there may be spelling errors, grammatical errors and punctuation errors, i have a friend who says he can help me with that stuff though. this is just what i've written, it's fairly basic - be advised 'graphic' content. An explosion went off, shards of shrapnel flew everywhere rebounding off the walls of trenches or going home, into the leg, the arm or the face of an unsuspecting soldier. A man screamed, he held his face with one hand, his other was no longer existent due to it’s proximity to the initial blast. A large piece of metal protruded through the man’s left eye, blood drizzled down his hands, a sickly red liquid, he was lucky to survive, or maybe not. Screams echoed throughout the confined corridors of the narrow trenches. The noises reverberated off of the walls, distorting and amplifying to a degree where they were no longer recognisable as human, a sound that made hell seem peaceful. A thud sounded nearby, the wounded man looked up, his remaining eye revealing his pure horror, horror at the arrival of this enemy which he knew could not be defeated. They were merciless, really, an army of darkness, somewhat arisen from the very depths of the flames of hell. Or rather, they descended from the darkness of the blackest regions of space, from which evil may have utter control. The man began to turn, but not before he saw his commanding officer fly around the corner, or what was left of his commanding officer, his limbs where separated from the torso as they arched through the air. Everything went quiet, there was no screaming, no moaning of disembowelled men or no blast from explosions. The man had finished his turn now, he faced a corridor that would lead him back to safety, but something wasn’t quite right. Bending down, he picked up a stone and threw it, it passed through the air for several metres it seemed to rebound as it hit a solid surface, then it continued its path. The man blinked, he knew something was not right, but the enemy couldn’t possibly have managed it, the resources it would have taken. But then, war was unpredictable, as was this enemy. The corridor ahead began to swirl, as if being sucked down a vortex and being replace by a great, grey mass of metal. The man now knew his doom, the mechanism was one of the enemy’s most powerful weaponry systems, second only to the destructive firepower of their massive death-ships. It was designed to hunt, designed to kill, designed to finish the battle. The troops that had once come crawling out of the trenches opposite in a never ceasing volley could cause not even a tenth of the destruction this, this monster would deal. It began to upright itself, looming over the man, making his very existence seem superfluous. There was nothing else to do, except run, he turned and he sprinted through the winding corridors of the Godforsaken trenches. The machine was scanning the area, it’s heat vision looking for the yellow-red tinge emitted from the human body. There was nothing, just the cold blue, like the depths of the ocean. The machine stopped, various processes running through its mechanical mind. The order came from above, search and destroy. It reared up, a machine the size of a family home, it was based on the basic design of a human, two arms two legs. But there was no head, there was a slit travelling around the torso, allowing the mechanism a full three-sixty view. The machine was capable of producing ranged weaponry, rocket launchers, machine guns, lasers. At the moment it kept these withdrawn, maximising its armour. It began to search, stepping over the trenches and causing the ground to tremor. The man lay still, barely even breathing, a broken pipe poured water over the ground, the mud was the perfect place for him right now. He had managed to run before the machine fully recovered from the effort of producing the illusion. He knew not where he was going and was lucky enough to stumble across the supply tent. The only place in the trenches with plumbing, he had dug into the walls, one handed gasping in pain as he did so. The pipe was thin and rusty, it had broken apart easy, showering the ground in cool water, turning it to mud instantly. The man had then rolled in the mud, covering himself in it, with any luck the machine’s heat vision would not be able to penetrate. However, it wouldn’t completely fool the machine, he had only to hope that this one was inexperienced, judging by its use of melee rather than weaponry. --- in process-- constructive criticism would be great.. soz, i indent the paragraphs... that doesn't work on this. yeah, i forgot to take the 'hands' part out... and as for the pain... mmm, gotta work on that...

Poll: anyone here up for a good read? -- contains some violence/gore--? i know most P&Sers don't read. and that we're all lazy... but if you wouldn't mind giving your opinion, tht would be great! An explosion went off, shards of shrapnel flew everywhere rebounding off the walls of trenches or going home, into the leg, the arm or the face of an unsuspecting soldier. A man screamed, he held his face with one hand, his other was no longer existent due to it’s proximity to the initial blast. A large piece of metal protruded through the man’s left eye, blood drizzled down his hands, a sickly red liquid, he was lucky to survive, or maybe not. Screams echoed throughout the confined corridors of the narrow trenches. The noises reverberated off of the walls, distorting and amplifying to a degree where they were no longer recognisable as human, a sound that made hell seem peaceful. A thud sounded nearby, the wounded man looked up, his remaining eye revealing his pure horror, horror at the arrival of this enemy which he knew could not be defeated. They were merciless, really, an army of darkness, somewhat arisen from the very depths of the flames of hell. Or rather, they descended from the darkness of the blackest regions of space, from which evil may have utter control. The man began to turn, but not before he saw his commanding officer fly around the corner, or what was left of his commanding officer, his limbs where separated from the torso as they arched through the air. Everything went quiet, there was no screaming, no moaning of disembowelled men or no blast from explosions. The man had finished his turn now, he faced a corridor that would lead him back to safety, but something wasn’t quite right. Bending down, he picked up a stone and threw it, it passed through the air for several metres it seemed to rebound as it hit a solid surface, then it continued its path. The man blinked, he knew something was not right, but the enemy couldn’t possibly have managed it, the resources it would have taken. But then, war was unpredictable, as was this enemy. The corridor ahead began to swirl, as if being sucked down a vortex and being replace by a great, grey mass of metal. The man now knew his doom, the mechanism was one of the enemy’s most powerful weaponry systems, second only to the destructive firepower of their massive death-ships. It was designed to hunt, designed to kill, designed to finish the battle. The troops that had once come crawling out of the trenches opposite in a never ceasing volley could cause not even a tenth of the destruction this, this monster would deal. It began to upright itself, looming over the man, making his very existence seem superfluous. There was nothing else to do, except run, he turned and he sprinted through the winding corridors of the Godforsaken trenches. The machine was scanning the area, it’s heat vision looking for the yellow-red tinge emitted from the human body. There was nothing, just the cold blue, like the depths of the ocean. The machine stopped, various processes running through its mechanical mind. The order came from above, search and destroy. It reared up, a machine the size of a family home, it was based on the basic design of a human, two arms two legs. But there was no head, there was a slit travelling around the torso, allowing the mechanism a full three-sixty view. The machine was capable of producing ranged weaponry, rocket launchers, machine guns, lasers. At the moment it kept these withdrawn, maximising its armour. It began to search, stepping over the trenches and causing the ground to tremor. The man lay still, barely even breathing, a broken pipe poured water over the ground, the mud was the perfect place for him right now. He had managed to run before the machine fully recovered from the effort of producing the illusion. He knew not where he was going and was lucky enough to stumble across the supply tent. The only place in the trenches with plumbing, he had dug into the walls, one handed gasping in pain as he did so. The pipe was thin and rusty, it had broken apart easy, showering the ground in cool water, turning it to mud instantly. The man had then rolled in the mud, covering himself in it, with any luck the machine’s heat vision would not be able to penetrate. However, it wouldn’t completely fool the machine, he had only to hope that this one was inexperienced, judging by its use of melee rather than weaponry.

What if there weren't a God giving people guidance(whatever each religion defines that as)? I am not opposed to the notion of God. I wonder at the extreme amount of resources poured into the propaganda of maintaining a God figure in the human moral structure. If people didn't believe in God what do you think our society would be like? I must admit that I think it would be worse(not as bad as some people might claim though), but I am curious about your thoughts. Do you think that people would realize that it is to their advantage to help other people? Perhaps, without the mandate of helping, people would even feel greater respect in themselves for going the extra mile even without a grand supervisor nudging them in the right direction? I derive the most satisfaction in doing things by my own will because I believe in the merits of the action(as opposed to some supervisor figure commanding me to do so). Again, the hypothetical is this "If people didn't believe in God then what impact would that have on our day-to-day social interactions?" I think most of the answerers agree that it is wise to have checks and balances in any social system whether they be in the form of God given rules or simple moral guidelines. I wonder, if the rules that have been stated in various biblical texts had been written by a person without the authority of God would people still follow them so fervently. One of the answerers wrote about Atheists' ten commandments and I think that many of the concepts there could be translated directly to biblical scripture. In my opinion, many good people come from many different walks of life, and the variety of answers received seems to give weight to that notion.

Anyone intrested in writing a two page summary of this? FIBER KEEPS ITS PROMISE BY GEORGE GILDER "Today, I await the death of television, telephony, VCRs, and analog cameras with utter confidence as Moore's law unfolds." Rupert Murdoch, Ted Turner, John Malone, are you listening?" Get ready. Bandwidth will triple each year for the next 25, creating trillions in new wealth. Editor's note: Four years ago, Forbes ASAP published its first issue with a stunning prophecy by contributing editor George Gilder. Fiber optics, said George, had the potential to carry 25 trillion bits per second down a single strand. This represented a ten-thousandfold leap in carrying capacity over the 2.5 billion bits "barrier" long assumed by most experts in the field. What did George see that others had missed? One, a little-recognized (at the time) breakthrough called an erbium-doped amplifier, which keeps optical signals pure and strong over long distances. The other was a deep technical shift, with roots in the 1940s-era work of information theory pioneer Claude Shannon. If you believed Shannon, his logic dictated a new messaging scheme called wave division multiplexing. Though scorned by the experts four years ago, WDM now is emerging as the winner George had prophesied. The real winners will be all of us, as the coming world of cheap, unlimited bandwidth unfolds and at last fulfills the true potential of the information age. Here is George with an update. IMAGINE THAT IN 1975 YOU KNEW that Moore's law--the Intel chairman's projection of the doubling of the number of transistors on a microchip every 18 months--would hold for the rest of your lifetime. What if you knew that these transistors would run cooler, faster, better, and cheaper as they got smaller and were crammed more closely together? Suppose you knew the law of the microcosm: that the cost-effectiveness of any number of "n" transistors on a single silicon sliver would rise by the square of the increase in "n." As an investor knowing this Moore's law trajectory, you would have been able to predict and exploit a long series of developments: the emergence of the PC; its dominance over all other computer form factors; the success of companies making chips, disk drives, peripherals, and software for this machine. With a slight effort of intellect, you could have extended the insight and prophesied the digitization of watches, records (CDs), cellular phones, cameras, TVs, broadcast satellites, and other devices that can use miniaturized computer power. If you did not know precisely when each of these benisons would flourish, you would have known that each one was essentially inevitable. To calculate approximate dates, you had only to guess the product's optimal price of popularization and then match its need for mips (millions of instructions per second) of computer power with the cost of those mips as defined by Moore's law. Merely by using this technique of Moore's law matching--and holding to it with unshakable conviction for nearly 20 years--I became known as a "futurist." Today I await the death of television, telephony, VCRs, and analog cameras with utter confidence as Moore's law unfolds. You can tell me about the 98% penetration of TVs in American homes, the continuing popularity of couch-potato entertainments, the effectiveness of broadcast advertising, and the profound and unbridgeable chasm between the office appliance and the living-room tube. But I will pay no attention. Just you wait--Jack Welch, Ted Turner, Rupert Murdoch, John Malone, and David Jennings--the TV will die and you may be too late for the Net. It is now 1997, and a stream of dramatic events certifies that another law, as powerful and fateful and inexorable as Moore's, is gaining a similar sway over the future of technology. It is what I have termed the law of the telecosm. Its physical base lies in the same quantum realm of eigenstates and band gaps that governs the performance of transistors and also makes photons leap and lase. But the telecosm reaches beyond components to systems, combining the science of the electromagnetic spectrum with Claude Shannon's information theory. In essence, as frequencies rise and wavelengths drop, digital performance improves exponentially. Bandwidth rises, power usage sinks, antenna size shrinks, interference collapses, error rates plummet. The law of the telecosm ordains that the total bandwidth of communications systems will triple every year for the next 25 years. As communicators move up-spectrum, they can use bandwidth as a substitute for power, memory, and switching. This results in far cheaper and more efficient systems. In 1996, the new fiber paradigm emerged in full force. Parallel communications in all-optical networks became the dominant source of new bandwidth in telecom. Like Moore's law, the law of the telecosm will reshape the entire world of information technology. It defines the direction of technological advance, the vectors of growth, the sweet spots for finance. AMERICA'S DARK SECRET FOR MORE THAN A DECADE, American companies have been laying optical fiber strands at a pace of some 4,000 miles a day, for a total of more than 25 million strand miles. Five years ago, the top 10% of U.S. homes and businesses were, on average, a thousand households away from a fiber node; now they are a hundred households away. However, the imperial advance of this technology conceals a dark secret, which has led to a pervasive underestimation of the long-term impact of photonics. Sixty percent of the fiber remains "dark" (unused for communications) and even the leading-edge "lit" fiber is being used at less than one ten-thousandth of its intrinsic capacity. This problem has prompted leaders in the industry, from Bill Gates and Andy Grove to Bob Metcalfe and Mitch Kapor, to underrate drastically the impact of fiber optics. Restricting the speed and cost-effectiveness of fiber has been an electronic bottleneck and a regulatory noose. In order for the signal to be amplified, regenerated, or switched, the light pulses had to be transformed into electronic pulses by optoelectronic converters. For all the talk of the speed of light, fiber-optic systems therefore could pass bits no faster than the switching speed of transistors, which tops out at a cycle time of between 2.5 and 10 gigahertz. Meanwhile, telecom companies could not deploy new low-cost fiber products any faster than the switching speed of politicians and regulators, which tops out roughly at a cycle time of between 2.5 years and a rate of evolution measurable only by means of carbon 14. Nonetheless, the intrinsic capacity of every fiber line is not 2.5 gigahertz. Nor is it even 25 gigahertz, which is roughly the capacity of all the frequencies commonly used in the air, from AM radio to kA band satellite. The intrinsic capacity of every fiber thread, as thin as a human hair, is at the least one thousand times the capacity of what we call the "air." One thread could carry all the calls in America on the peak moment of Mother's Day. One fiber thread could carry 25 times more bits than last year's average traffic load of all the world's communications networks put together: an estimated terabit (trillion bits) a second. Over the last five years, technological breakthroughs and legislative loopholes have begun to open up this immense capacity to possible use. Following concepts pioneered and patented by David Payne at the University of Southampton in England, a Bell Laboratories group led by Emmanuel Desurvire and Randy Giles developed a workable all-optical device. They showed that a short stretch of fiber doped with erbium, a rare earth mineral, and excited by a cheap laser diode can function as a powerful amplifier over fully 4,500 gigahertz of the 25,000 gigahertz span. Introduced by Pirelli of Italy and popularized by Ciena Corporation of Savage, Maryland, and by Lucent and Alcatel, today such photonic amplifiers are a practical reality. Put in packages between two and three cubic inches in size, the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) fit anywhere in an optical network for enhancing signals without electronics. This invention overcame the most fundamental disadvantage of optical networks compared to electronic networks. You can tap into an electronic network as often as desired without eroding the voltage signal. Although resistance and capacitance will leach away the current, there are no splitting losses in a voltage divider. Photonic signals, by contrast, suffer splitting losses every time they are tapped; they lose photons until eventually there are none left. The cheap and compact all-optical amplifier solves this problem. It is an invention comparable in importance to the integrated circuit. Just as the integrated circuit made it possible to put an entire computer system on a single sliver of silicon, the all-optical amplifier makes it possible to put an entire system on a seamless seine of silica--glass. Unleashing the law of the telecosm, it makes possible a new global economy of bandwidth abundance. Five years ago when I first celebrated the radical implications of erbium-doped amplifiers, skepticism reigned. I was summoned to Bellcore, where the first optical networks had been built and then abandoned, to learn the acute limits of the technology from Charles Brackett and his team. I had offered the vision of a broadband fibersphere--a worldwide web of glass and light--where computer users could tune into favored frequencies as readily as radios tune into frequencies in the atmosphere today. But Brackett and other Bellcore experts told me that my basic assumption was false. It was no simpler, they said, to tune into one of scores of frequencies on a fiber than to select time slots in a time-division-multiplexed (TDM) bitstream. Indeed, electronic switching technology was moving faster than optical technology. In the face of the momentum and installed base of electronic switching and multiplexing, the fibersphere with hundreds of tunable frequencies would remain a fantasy, like Ted Nelson's Xanadu. In 1997 the fantasy is coming true around the world. Xanadu has become the World Wide Web. The erbium-doped fiber amplifier is an explosively growing $250 million business. Electronic TDM seems to have topped out at 2.5 gigabits a second. TDM gear has suffered a series of delays and nagging defects and so far has failed in the market. Electronic TDM failed not only because it pushed the envelope of electronics but also because it violated the new paradigm. In single-mode fiber, the two key impediments are nonlinearities in the glass and chromatic dispersion (the blurring of bit pulses because even in a single band different frequencies move at different speeds). Chromatic dispersion increases by the square of the bit rate, and the impact of nonlinearities rises with the power of the signal. High-powered, high-bit-rate TDM flunked both telecosm tests. By contrast, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) follows the laws of the telecosm; it succeeds by wasting bandwidth and stinting on power. WDM takes some 33% more bandwidth per bit than TDM, but it reduces power to combat nonlinearity and divides the bitstream into multiple frequencies in order to combat dispersion. Thus it can extend the distance or increase capacity by a factor of four or more today and can lay the foundations for the fibersphere tomorrow. In 1996 the new fiber paradigm emerged in full force. Parallel communications in all-optical networks, long depicted as a broadband pipe dream, crushed all competitors and became the dominant source of new bandwidth in the world telecom network. The year began with a trifold explosion at the Conference on Optical Fiber Communication in San Jose when three companies--Lucent Technologies' Bell Labs, NTT Labs, and Fujitsu--all announced terabit-per-second WDM transmissions down a single fiber. Sprint confirmed the significance of the laboratory breakthroughs by announcing deployment of Ciena's MultiWave 1600 WDM system, so called because it can increase the capacity of a single fiber thread by 1,600%. The revolution continues in 1997. At the beginning of January, NEC declared that by increasing the number of bits per hertz from one to three, it had raised the laboratory WDM record to three terabits per second. During 1996, MCI had increased the speed of its Internet backbone by a factor of 25, from 45 megabits a second to 1.2 gigabits. On January 6, Fred Briggs, chief engineering officer at MCI, announced that his company is in the process of installing new WDM equipment from Hitachi and Pirelli that increases the speed of its phone network backbone to 40 gigabits per second. Accelerating MCI's previous plans by some two years, the new system will use a more limited form of wavelength-division multiplexing to put four 10-gigabit in-cause formation streams on a single fiber thread. The first deployment will use existing facilities on a 275-mile route between Chicago and St. Louis, but the technology will be extended to the entire network. This move will consummate a nearly thousandfold upgrade of the MCI backbone, from 45 megabits per second to 40 gigabits, within some 36 months. Ciena, meanwhile, has announced technology that allows transmission of 100 gigabits per second. Its February IPO was the most important since Netscape (market cap at the end of the first trading day: $3.4 billion). Why? Ciena is the industry leader in open standard WDM gear. During the first six months the MultiWave 1600 was available, through October 1996, the firm achieved $54.8 million in sales and $15 million in net income. (Lucent is believed to be the overall leader with more than $100 million of mostly proprietary AT&T systems.) At the same time, the trans-Pacific consortium announced that it would deploy 100-gigabit-per-second fiber in its new link between the United States and Asia. A powerful new player in these markets will be Tellabs, currently the fastest-growing supplier of electronic digital cross-connect switches and other optical switching gear. In a further coup, following its purchase of broadband digital radio pioneer Steinbrecher, Tellabs has signed up all 12 principals in IBM's all-optical team. Headed by Paul Green, recent chairman of the IEEE Communications Society and author of the leading text on fiber networks, and by Rajiv Ramaswami, coauthor of a new 1997 text on the subject, the IBM group built the world's first fully functioning all-optical networks (AONs), the Rainbow series. Tellabs now owns the 11 AON patents and 100 listed technology disclosures of the group. The implications of the WDM paradigm go beyond simple data pipes. The greatest impact of all-optical technology will likely come in consumer markets. A portent is Artel Video Systems of Marlborough, Massachusetts, which recently introduced a fiber-based WDM system that can transmit 48 digital video channels, 288 CD-quality audio bitstreams, and 64 data channels on one fiber line. Aggregating contributions from a variety of content sources--each on different fiber wavelengths--and delivering them to consumers who tune into favored frequencies on conventional cable, the Artel system represents a key step into the fibersphere. It can be used for new services by either cable TV companies or telcos. The deeper significance of the Artel product, however, is its use of bandwidth as a replacement for transistors and switches. The Artel system works on dark fiber without compression. The video uses 200-megabit-per-second bitstreams (compare MPEG2 at 4 to 6 megabytes per second) that permit lossless transmissions suitable for medical imaging, and obviate dedicated processing of compression codes at the two ends. A move to massively parallel communications analogous to the move to parallel computers, all-optical networks promise nearly boundless bandwidth in fiber. According to Ewart Lowe of British Telecom, whose labs at Martlesham Heath in Ipswich have been a fount of all-optical technology, the new paradigm will reduce the cost of transport by a factor of 10. For example, the optoelectronic amplifiers previously used in fiber networks entailed nine power-hungry bipolar microchips for each wavelength, rather than a simple loop of doped silica that covers scores of wavelengths. As these systems move down through the network hierarchy, the growth of network bandwidth and cost-effectiveness will not only outpace Moore's law, it will also excel the rise in bandwidth within computers--their internal "buses" connecting their microprocessors to memory and input-output. While MCI and Sprint move to deploy technology that functions at 40 gigabits a second, current computers and workstations command buses that run at a rate of close to 1 gigabit a second. This change in the relationship between the bandwidth of networks and the bandwidth of computers will transform the architecture of information technology. As Robert Lucky of Bellcore puts it, "Perhaps we should transmit signals thousands of miles to avoid even the simplest processing function." Lucky implies that the law of the telecosm eclipses the law of the microcosm. Actually, the law of the microcosm makes distributed computers (smart terminals) more efficient regardless of the cost of linking them together. The law of the telecosm makes broadband networks more efficient regardless of how numerous and smart are the terminals. Working together, however, these two laws of wires and switches impel ever more widely distributed information systems, with processing and memory in the optimal locations. WHAT SHOULD THE MAJOR PLAYERS DO NOW? FOR THE TELEPHONE COMPANIES, the age of ever smarter terminals mandates the emergence of ever dumber networks. Telephone companies may complain of the large costs of the transformation of their system, but they command capital budgets as large as the total revenues of the cable industry. Telcos may recoil in horror at the idea of dark fiber, but they command webs of the stuff 10 times larger than any other industry. Dumb and dark networks may not fit the phone company self-image or advertising posture. But they promise larger markets than the current phone company plan to choke off their own future in the labyrinthine nets of an "intelligent switching fabric" always behind schedule and full of software bugs. Telephone switches (now 80% software) are already too complex to keep pace with the efflorescence of the Internet. While computers become ever more lean and mean, turning to reduced instruction-set processors and Java stations, networks need to adopt reduced instruction-set architectures. The ultimate in dumb and dark is the fibersphere now incubating in their magnificent laboratories. The entrepreneurial folk in the computer industry may view this wrenching phone company adjustment with some satisfaction. But computer firms must also adjust. Now addicted to the use of transistors to solve the problems of limited bandwidth, the computer industry must use transistors to exploit the nearly unlimited bandwidth. When home-based machines are optimized for manipulating high-resolution digital video at high speeds, they will necessarily command what are now called supercomputer powers. This will mean that the dominant computer technology will first emerge not in the office market but in the consumer market. The major challenge for the computer industry is to change its focus from a few hundred million offices already full of computer technology to a billion living rooms now nearly devoid of it. Cable companies possess the advantage of already owning dumb networks based on the essentials of the all-optical model of broadcast and select--of customers seeking wavelengths or frequencies rather than switching circuits. Cable companies already provide all the programs to all the terminals and allow them to tune in to the desired messages. But the cable industry cannot become a full-service supplier of telecommunications unless the regulators give up their ridiculous two-wire dream in which everyone competes with cable and no one makes any money. Cash-poor and bandwidth-rich, cable companies need to collaborate with telcos--which are cash-rich and bandwidth-poor--in a joint effort to create broadband systems in their own regions. In all eras, companies tend to prevail by maximizing the use of the cheapest resources. In the age of the fibersphere, they will use the huge intrinsic bandwidth of fiber, all 25,000 gigahertz or more, to simplify everything else. This means replacing nearly all the hundreds of billions of dollars' worth of switches, bridges, routers, converters, codecs, compressors, error correctors, and other devices, together with the trillions of lines of software code, that pervade the intelligent switching fabric of both telephone and computer networks. The makers of all this equipment will resist mightily. But there is no chance that the old regime can prevail by fighting cheap and simple optics with costly and complex electronics and software. The all-optical network will triumph for the same reason that the integrated circuit triumphed: It is incomparably cheaper than the competition. Today, measured by the admittedly rough metric of mips per dollar, a personal computer is more than 2,000 times more cost-effective than a mainframe. Within 10 years, the all-optical network will be thousands of times more cost-effective than electronic networks. Just as the electron rules in computers, the photon will rule the waves of communication. I know people would not write it..But worth a try:)

Why do you believe in global warming? If global warming is true and we buy into it and add countless of rules to limit our lives, we won't be better off. You have beat global warming and have to work two shifts to stay alive and have to obey commands from Mr. Global Warming. If global warming is fake and we buy into it and add countless of rules to limit our lives, we won't be better off. Let's just commit suicide by this point because it's pointless. If global warming is true and we continue to live our lives without countless of rules, we are better off because the earth will still be there. It will correct itself when we run out natural resources. We will also adapt. If global warming is false and we continue to live our lives without adding countless of rules, we are way better off. Ultimately, human will adapt just like any other species. Let's just not add needless rules to complicate things. Rules will just make things worst. Bloodshed will be a result it does not matter how civilized we become. Deus...mother nature is something we can't control. Requiring humans to control it is pointless. Non environmental rules serve different purposes.

Atheists, of all creations of God, man is the most distinguished one. He is given divine wisdom that no other? creature is given. Through this wisdom from God man realized the existence of God without anyone telling him. Animals and other creatures are not given wisdom and they don't know God and therefore are not accountable to God. But man is accountable for each of his actions, thoughts and words since he is given wisdom. It is through the wisdom of God, man could make best use of the resources given by God; and it is through the wisdom of God man made laws and rules for the betterment of the society. If he created us like animals, we would have lived in jungles like they do. If the theory of evolution is 1% true, at least one of the other species would have been as wise as man or at least 10% wise in comparison; but there isn't any. A process can just not give wisdom to only one of the species and deprive it off all other creatures. A natural process can not make or cause all other creatures to be alike in nature and only humans being provided with unmatched wisdom. If you believe it is possible, I can just pity your blindness. However, since you are accountable for the life you are given with, unless you do what God has commanded (your faith in him means nothing to him) and lead a righteous life, you will surely have to face him in your hereafter. Please visit spiritual people to gain knowledge about such things who have personal encounters with God. It is not easy to grow in spirituality unless you realize the existence of God by trying to reach to him. Whether you do it or not, you are accountable to lead a righteous life by unconditionally loving and helping others. That is God's religion. Your personal rejection about God's existence will not help you to escape his hands; it is for sure that you will face him here itself and then in your hereafter. It is better for you to lead a clean life by being righteous even though you don't believe in God. He may forgive you for your righteousness.

U.S. gov. I did the work I just need help to see if i got them right ! thank you =D? . This entity has the final rule on the establishment clause. (2 points) the Supreme Court<------ a religious leader Congress a state court 2. A person who gives up United States citizenship and lives in another country is (2 points) an expatriate.<----------- a denaturalized citizen. a naturalized citizen. a non-resident alien. 3. As a citizen, you have access to public records because of this act. (2 points) Sunshine Act Freedom of Information Act<--------- Civil Rights Act USA Patriot Act 4. This is the goal of the U.S. justice system. (2 points) expressed contracts with citizens fundamental rights equal justice under the law<---------- hung juries in criminal cases 5. Before primary elections, candidates were chosen in private meetings called (2 points) convention meetings. caucuses.<-------- precinct meetings. ward meetings. 6. This gave African–Americans the right to vote. (2 points) Fifteenth Amendment<--------- Twenty-sixth Amendment Nineteenth Amendment Twenty-first Amendment 7. The lobbyist's strongest tool is (2 points) friendship. information. a campaign contribution. an entertainment gift.<--------- 8. This is the protector of the rights of the media. (2 points) League of Women Voters First Amendment<----------- Federal Communications Commission Telecommunications Commission 9. Controlling money to influence the economy is called (2 points) reconciliation. reserve requirement. monetary policy.<---------- fiscal policy. 10. These are the federal government's financial instruments, such as bonds, notes, and certificates. (2 points) securities entitlements<---------- discount rates uncontrollables 11. Negotiating labor contracts is called (2 points) injunctions. urban renewal. collective bargaining.<-------- developing trusts. 12. This is an agreement between nations and approved by Congress. (2 points) treaty<----------- sanctions executive agreement bipartisan agreement 13. This is NOT a function of a state constitution. (2 points) appoints officials<---------- outlines methods of election creates the structure of government provides for separation of powers 14. This is part of the state constitution amendment process. (2 points) judicial review extradition mandates proposal and ratification<---------- 15. The executive branch of the state is headed by the (2 points) speaker of the house. lieutenant governor. attorney general. governor.<---------- 16. This is issued by the state to make the incorporated community legal. (2 points) referendum charter<---------- bond mass transit permit 17. The ability of nations to develop economically while at the same time protecting the environment is called (2 points) equilibrium. human rights. sustainable development.<--------- positive rights. 18. An economic system with a central authority is called a (2 points) mixed system. traditional system. command system.<--------- market system. 19. Because society does not have all the resources that everyone wants, this exists. (2 points) comparative advantage scarcity<---------- nationalization free trade agreements 20. Risk takers who produce goods and services in search of profit are (2 points) entrepreneurs.<--------- a monopoly. trading blocs. factors of production.

Wouldn't you rather be suspicious and wrong than complacent and wrong? I know, I know, only tin-foil-hat types could harbor suspicions that our political class is capable of "malfeasance"... Senator Max Cleland - Former member of the 9/11 Commission, resigned in December 2003: "I, as a member of the [9/11] Commission, cannot look any American in the eye... It is a national scandal... this White House wants to cover [9/11] up." Senator Mark Dayton - Member, Senate Committee on Armed Services and Homeland Security: "[NORAD] lied to the American people, they lied to Congress and they lied to your 9/11 Commission.. .the most gross incompetence and dereliction of responsibility and negligence" Congressman Ron Paul - Vice Chairman of the Oversight and Investigations subcommittee: “The [9/11] investigations that have been done so far are more or less cover-up and no real explanation" Congressman Curt Weldon: "[9/11 Commission] there's something very sinister going on here... something desperately wrong... This involved what is right now the covering up of information that led to the deaths of 3,000 people" Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney - Member of the House Armed Services Committee: “The [9/11] Commission ran up against obstruction by the administration and non-cooperation from government agencies... the errors and omissions immediately jumped out at us" Director of the FBI, Louis Freeh: "[9/11 Commission findings] raise serious challenges to the commission's credibility and, if the facts prove out, might just render the commission historically insignificant itself" Former Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, Paul Craig Roberts, PhD: "Distinguished national and international scientists and scholars present massive evidence that the 9/11 Commission Report is a hoax and that the 9/11 "terrorist attack" has been manipulated to serve a hegemonic agenda in the Middle East... We know that it is strictly impossible for any building, much less steel columned buildings, to "pancake" at free fall speed. Therefore, it is a non-controversial fact that the official explanation of the collapse of the WTC buildings is false" Assistant Secretary of Housing, Catherine Austin Fitts: "The official story could not possibly have happened... It’s not possible. It’s not operationally feasible... The Commission was a whitewash." U.S. Army Intelligence officer, Federal Prosecutor, Office of Special Investigations, U.S. Department of Justice, John Loftus: "The information provided by European intelligence services prior to 9/11 was so extensive that it is no longer possible for either the CIA or FBI to assert a defense of incompetence" Foreign Service Officer, George Kenney: "I cannot believe, much as I might like to, the standard account of 9/11" Foreign Service Officer, J. Michael Springman: "Fifteen of the nineteen people who allegedly flew airplanes into buildings in the United States got their visas from the same CIA Consulate at Jeddah" Deputy Attorney General, State of Pennsylvania, Philip J. Berg, Esquire: "The official story of what actually took place on 9/11 is a lie. " Major General U.S. Army, Commanding General of U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, Albert Stubblebine [his specialty – analyzing satellite photos]: "I look at the hole in the Pentagon and I look at the size of an airplane that was supposed to have hit the Pentagon. And I said, ‘The plane does not fit in that hole. So what did hit the Pentagon?’” Col. Ronald D. Ray, U.S. Marine Corps, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, Deputy Director of Field Operations for the U.S. Marine Corps Historical Center: "I'm astounded that the conspiracy theory advanced by the administration could in fact be true and the evidence does not seem to suggest that's accurate." Col. Robert Bowman, U.S. Air Force, Director of Advanced Space Programs, PhD Aeronautics and Nuclear Engineering: "The official 9/11 story is impossible .. There is a cover up... high levels of our government don't want us to know what happened... highly placed individuals in the administration. ..Dick Cheney...the very kindest thing we can say about George W Bush...is high treason and conspiracy to commit murder." Col. George Nelson, U.S. Air Force, aircraft accident investigator: "I never witnessed nor even heard of an aircraft loss, where the wreckage was accessible, that prevented investigators from finding enough hard evidence to positively identify the make, model, and specific registration number of the aircraft -- and in most cases the precise cause of the accident... The government alleges that four wide-body airliners crashed on the morning of September 11 2001, resulting in the deaths of more than 3,000 human beings, yet not one piece of hard aircraft evidence has been produced in an attempt to positively identify any of the four aircraft. On the contrary, it seems only that all potential evidence was deliberately kept hidden from view .. with all the evidence readilty available at the pentagon crash site, any unbiased rational investigator could only conclude that a Boeing 757 did not fly into the Pentagon as alleged. Similarly, with all the evidence available at the Pennsylvania crash site, it was most doubtful that a passenger airliner caused the obvious hole in the ground and certainly not the Boeing 757 as alleged .. the most heinous conspiracy in outr country's history." Major Douglas Rokke, PhD, U.S. Army: [Regarding the impact at the Pentagon on 9/11/2001] "When you look at the damage, it was obviously a missile." Capt. Russ Wittenberg, U.S. Air Force, fighter pilot, commercial pilot flying 707, 720, 727, 737, 747, 757, 767, and 777s. Had previously flown Flight 93, which impacted in Pennsylvania, and Flight 175, the second plane to hit the WTC: "The government story they handed us about 9/11 is total B.S. plain and simple...[Regarding Flight 77]"The airplane could not have flown at those speeds which they said it did without going into what they call a high speed stall. The airplane won't go that fast if you start pulling those high G maneuvers at those bank angles... The vehicle that hit the Pentagon was not Flight 77" Lt. Col. Karen U. Kwiatkowski, PhD, U.S. Air Force, Office of the Secretary of Defense, staff of the Director of the National Security Agency: "It is as a scientist that I have the most trouble with the official government conspiracy theory, mainly because it does not satisfy the rules of probability or physics. The collapses of the World Trade Center buildings clearly violate the laws of probability and physics...There was a dearth of visible debris on the relatively unmarked Pentagon, where I stood only minutes after the impact. Beyond this strange absence of airliner debris, there was no sign of the kind of damage one would expect from the impact of a large airliner... this visible evidence or lack thereof may also have been apparent to the Sec of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, who in an unfortunate slip of the tongue referred to the aircraft that slammed into the Pentagon as a ' missile ' ... I saw nothing of significance at the point of contact ~ no airplane metal or cargo debris was blowing on the lawn in front of the damaged building as smoke billowed from within the Pentagon .. all of us staring at the Pentagon that morning were indeed looking for such debris, but what we expected was not evident .. the same is true with regard to the damage we expected .. but I did not see this kind of damage. Rather, the facade had a rather small hole, no larger than 20 feet in diameter. Although this facade later collapsed, it remained standing for 30 0r 40 minutes, with the roof remaining relatively straight .. The scene, in short, was not what I would have expected from a strike by a large jetliner. It was, however, exactly what one would have expected if a missile had struck the Pentagon " Senior Military Affairs Journalist at the Naval Postgraduate School, Barbara Honegger, MS: "The US military, not al Qaeda, had the sustained access weeks before 9/11 to also plant controlled demolition charges throughout the superstructures of WTC 1 and WTC 2, and in WTC 7, which brought down all three buildings on 9/11...A US military plane, not one piloted by al Qaeda, performed the highly skilled, high-speed 270-degree dive towards the Pentagon that Air Traffic Controllers on 9/11 were sure was a military plane as they watched it on their screens. Only a military aircraft, not a civilian plane flown by al Qaeda, would have given off the "Friendly" signal needed to disable the Pentagon's anti-aircraft missile batteries as it approached the building...Only the US military, not al Qaeda, had the ability to break all of its Standard Operating Procedures to paralyze its own emergency response system" Capt. Gregory M. Zeigler, PhD, U.S. Army, U.S. Army Intelligence Officer: "I knew from September 18, 2001, that the official story about 9/11 was false. ... [A]nomalies poured in rapidly: the hijackers' names appearing in none of the published flight passenger lists, BBC reports of stolen identities of the alleged hijackers or the alleged hijackers being found alive, the obvious demolitions of WTC 1 and 2...and WTC7...not hit by an airplane...the lack of identifiable Boeing 757 wreckage at the Pentagon" Capt. Eric H. May, U.S. Army, Intelligence officer: "I view the 911 event ...as a matter that implies either...A) passive participation by the Bush White House through a deliberate stand-down or B) active execution of a plot by rogue elements of government, starting with the White House itself, in creating a spectacle of destruction that would lead the United States into an invasion of the Middle East" Former Chairman, National Intelligence Estimates, CIA, responsible for preparing the President’s Daily Brief, U.S. Army Intelligence Officer, Raymond L. McGovern: "I think at simplest terms, there's a cover-up. The 9/11 report is a joke...just as Hitler in 1933 cynically exploited the burning of the parliament building, the Reichstag, this is exactly what our President did in exploiting 9/11...making a war of aggression on a country that he knew had nothing to do with 9/11...that' s certainly an impeachable offense...But compelling evidence for an even more disturbing conclusion: that the 9/11 attacks were themselves orchestrated by this administration precisely so they could be thus exploited." National Intelligence Officer and Director of the CIA's Office of Regional and Political Analysis, William Christison: "There is persuasive evidence that the events of September did not unfold as the Bush administration and the 9/11 Commission would have us believe. An airliner almost certainly did not hit The Pentagon. The North and South Towers of the World Trade Center almost certainly did not collapse and fall to earth because hijacked aircraft hit them...this all was totally an inside job. I have since decided that... at least some elements in this US government had contributed in some way or other to causing 9/11 to happen or at least allowing it to happen... The reason that the two towers in New York actually collapsed and fell all the way to the ground was controlled explosions rather than just being hit by two airplanes. All of the characteristics of these demolitions show that they almost had to have been controlled explosions.. . I think you almost have to look at the 9/11 Commission Report as a joke and not a serious piece of analysis at all... It's a monstrous crime." U.S. Marine Corps intelligence officer, case officer CIA. Robert David Steele: "I am forced to conclude that there is sufficient evidence to indict (not necessarily convict) Dick Cheney, Karl Rove and others...This is, without question, the most important modern reference on state-sponsored terrorism, and also the reference that most pointedly suggests that select rogue elements within the US Government, most likely led by Dick Cheney with the assistance of George Tenet, Buzzy Kronguard, and others close to the Wall Street gangs, are the most guilty of state-sponsored terrorism... I'm absolutely certain that WTC 7 was brought down by controlled demolition and that as far as I'm concerned means that this case has not been properly investigated. There's no way that building could have come down without controlled demolition." CIA Case Officer, Specialist in the Middle East, Directorate of Operations, Awarded Career Intelligence Medal, Robert Baer: [Regarding the opinion there was an aspect of 'inside job' to 9/11 within the U.S. Government], "There is that possibility, the evidence points at it." Counter-terrorism expert in the Security Division of the federal Aviation Administration. Team leader of the FAA's Red (Terrorism) Team in the Federal Air Marshall program, Coast Guard officer, Bogdan Dzakovic: "At worst, I think the 9/11 Commission Report is treasonous." Minister of Justice, West Germany, Horst Ehmke, PhD: "Terrorists could not have carried out such an operation with four hijacked planes without the support of a secret service." State Secretary, Federal Ministry of Defense, West Germany, Andreas von Buelow, PhD: "The official story is so inadequate and far-fetched that there must be another one...This is unthinkable, without years-long support from secret apparatuses of the state and industry." President of Italy, Francesco Cossiga: "[9/11] could not be accomplished without infiltrations in the radar and flight security personnel." General Leonid Ivashov, Chief of Staff, Russian armed forces, Ministry of Defense: "Only secret services and their current chiefs or those retired but still having influence inside the state organizations have the ability to plan, organize and conduct an operation [9/11] of such magnitude... Osama bin Laden and "Al Qaeda" cannot be the organizers nor the performers of the September 11 attacks. They do not have the necessary organization, resources or leaders." Foreign Minister of Egypt, Mohamed Hassanein Heikal: "Bin Laden does not have the capabilities for an operation [9/11] of this magnitude. When I hear Bush talking about al-Qaida as if it was Nazi Germany or the communist party of the Soviet Union, I laugh because I know what is there. Bin Laden has been under surveillance for years: every telephone call was monitored and al-Qaida has been penetrated by American intelligence, Pakistani intelligence, Saudi intelligence, Egyptian intelligence. They could not have kept secret an operation that required such a degree of organisation and sophistication. " Chief of Staff, Pakistani Army, General Mirza Aslam Beg: "The information which is now coming up, goes to prove that involvement by the "rogue elements" of the U.S. military and intelligence organization is getting more obvious. Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda definitely do not have the knowhow and the capability to launch such operations involving such high precision coordination, based on information and expertise." European Parliament, Committee on Security and Defense, Giulietto Chiesa: "Billions of people were given only one explanation. ...which is entirely false....everyone who dares to question it is treated as if he was a fool." French Army Intelligence and artillery officer, Col. Pierre-Henri Bunel, Expert in the effects of artillery weapons and explosives: "Image of the impact on the Pentagon is very instructive as to the nature of the explosion. ... It corresponds to a detonation of an explosive with high energetic power. The explosion does not correspond to a deflagration of kerosene...suggests a single engine flying vehicle much smaller in size than an airliner...resemble s the effects of anti-concrete hollow charges that I have been able to observe on a number of battlefields. ..lead me therefore to think that the detonation that struck the building was that of a high-powered hollow charge used to destroy hardened buildings and carried by an aerial vehicle, a missile." Safety Engineer and accident Analyst, National Safety Technology Authority, Finland, Heikki Kurttila, PhD: "Conclusion: The observed collapse time of WTC 7 was 6.5 seconds. That is only half a second longer than it would have taken for the top of the building to fall to the ground in a vacuum, and half a second shorter than the falling time of an apple when air resistance is taken into account. ... The great speed of the collapse and the low value of the resistance factor strongly suggest controlled demolition." Counter-Terrorism Officer, MI5 (Britain), David Shayler: "The available evidence indicates that people in key positions in the FBI, the State Department, the CIA and so on were not loyal to the Constitution; that they saw an opportunity in plans laid down by genuine Islamic terrorists to carry out an operation that would shock the world and would therefore justify U.S. adventurism in the middle East, particularly in Afghanistan and Iraq." Chairman, 9/11 Commission, Thomas H. Kean, Former Governor of New Jersey: "FAA and NORAD officials advanced an account of 9/11 that was untrue...We, to this day, don't know why NORAD told us what they told us...It was just so far from the truth." Vice Chairman, 9/11 Commission, Lee Hamilton, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Homeland Security Advisory Council: "We got started late; we had a very short time frame...we did not have enough money...We had a lot of people strongly opposed to what we did. We had a lot of trouble getting access to documents and to people. ... So there were all kinds of reasons we thought we were set up to fail." 9/11 Commissioner, Timothy J. Roemer, PhD, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence: "That panel members so distrusted testimony from Pentagon officials that they referred their concerns to the Pentagon's inspector general...We were extremely frustrated with the false statements we were getting." Senior Counsel, 9/11 Commission, John J. Farmer, Jr., Former Attorney General, NJ, Former Commissioner of the State Commission of Investigations: [Some staff members and commissioners of the Sept. 11 panel concluded that the Pentagon's initial story of how it reacted to the 2001 terrorist attacks may have been part of a deliberate effort to mislead the commission and the public] - "I was shocked at how different the truth was from the way it was described... The tapes told a radically different story from what had been told to us and the public for two years." "Taxes are not raised to carry on wars, wars are raised to ca

What are UK Pentecostal Christians doing to save JADE GOODY, or are they pretending that they can do nothing? MATTHEW 11:2-6. 2. Now when John had heard in the prison the Works of Christ, he sent two of his Disciples, 3. And said unto him, "Art thou he that should come, or do we look for another?" 4. Jesus answered and said unto them, "Go and shew John again those things which ye do hear and see: 5. "The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the Poor have The Gospel preached to them. 6. "And blessed is he, whosoever shall not be offended in me." THIS IS WHAT JESUS WAS SENT with The Gospel of Jesus to do. THIS is what Jesus sent THE CHURCH to do before he returns. JOHN 14:12-15. 12. "Verily, verily, I say unto you, 'He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also;' and greater works than these shall he do; because I go unto my Father. 13. "And whatsoever ye shall ask in my Name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son. 14. "If ye shall ask any thing in my Name, I will do it. 15. "If ye love me, keep my Commandments." CHRISTIANS HAVE GONE FROM THAT to silly meddling in other people's affairs, peddling useless Theories, without the Power to back them up. ONLY Pentecostal-type Christians have any chance of amounting to anything. Evangelical (Born Again, but no Speaking in Tongues) Christianity is useless- the all of them put together could not heal BILLY GRAHAM of his Parkinson's Disease, nor Rick Warren's wife of her "Purpose-Driven" Cancer. Yes, I know it is a Low Blow. Understand that many people are DEAD because of the LIES these people preach. Evangelical JOHN MacARTHUR testified of a Brother whom he brainwashed to believe that IT WAS THE WILL OF GOD for his wife to DIE FROM CANCER- while she was still alive! How many people does your church, or any church whom you wonder MIGHT be genuine, heal of cancer? THIS is what you should consider BEFORE you ask their advice! People go to clergymen, to "seek the Will of God," and are told that it is "NOT THE WILL OF GOD" to heal them- so PRAYING, Anointing with Oil, and Laying On of Hands will do not good- WHILE USING EVERY MEDICAL RESOURCE AVAILABLE! But the clergyman tells them that it is NOT God's Will to heal them miraculously they ACCEPT that! THEY NEVER CONSIDER that the clergyman's answer JUST MIGHT be influenced by his INABILITY TO HEAL. Which just might be because HE DOES NOT KNOW GOD, and God does not know HIM? If Human Life is not precious to you, why should you demand an exception when it becomes YOUR turn to die? I mean, people suddenly become very interested in praying for Divine Healing when THEY or someone they DO care about come down with symptoms of something- but HOW MUCH TIME did they EVER spend praying for EVERYONE ELSE? (Jesus Commanded us to pray for even our enemies. This is the FASTEST way to build WILLPOWER.) Many Christian people THROW THEIR LIVES AWAY on the word of some HYPOCRITE, who says, "Sorry- its not your turn!" without considering that in HIS church, it is NEVER anyone's turn! HOW can a situation arise, where GOD will REFUSE to end someone's pain and suffering by healing them AS HE PROMISED TO DO, without driving them into the triumphant arms of SATAN, HIS ENEMY? Has it ever been heard of that there was a case where some Christians were told, "Sorry, Brethren- it is not the Will of God to heal you! You gotta die!" and they got mad, and said, "If GOD won't heal me, I WILL APPEAL TO THE DEVIL! Let SATAN heal me!"? Actually, this is exactly what is happening when Christians resort to Medical Science for healing, instead of God. THE CURE FOR CANCER is FREE and EASY. Just don't eat anything, until your body uses up all its fat supply. Only then break the fast. Whatever rogue part of you was killing you, the body will have unique enzymes in play that will break it down for food, and replace it with healthy tissue that CANNOT BE ACCESSED IN THE PRESENCE OF CONSTANT FOOD SUPPLY. This is the great Dirty Secret of Medical Science that was covered up at the turn of the 20th century, when one BATES found that many patients could throw away their spectacles after a ten day fast. "THEY" had to shut him down- and he died in poverty. FASTING can cure more than nine tenths of functional ailments and diseases, IF DONE PROPERLY. Doctors will not help you to disprove Medical Science. The licenses of doctors who promote cheap cures not in the textbooks are in mortal jeopardy. So ARE THEY. Many just don't ever want to get in that fight. Too many patients just blow kisses at the doctors who saved their lives at the cost of their careers. It just isn't worth it. Pentecostal Christianity lost its initial impetus when the LIFETIME RESULTS of going Out On A Limb began coming in. Many people started to look at, "How shall I feed?" "Whom shall I marry?" "How will I raise a family?" and other things incompatible with Yeshua-Class Knowledge of God. Some Pentecostali sm today tries to make gourmet meals out of Yesterday's Manna- which WAS GOOD when it was FRESH, but is NOW maggot-ridden and mouldy. It was Cutting-Edge when no one knew better, but after a while, people were just copying what they'd heard other people saying and doing- NOT because THEY had received the same Revelation from God THEMSELVES. All their clergy do is BLUFF the ignorant, who don't even know to LOOK AT THE FRUITS produced.

Job Search Recommendation on Employment? I am a recent retiree from the United States Army, I retired after a successful career of 24 yrs and I was able to attain the rank of Command Sergeant Major. Education: BS - Public Administration (Upper Iowa University) MA - Human Resource Development (Webster University) MBA - Emphasis in Management & Business Security(Webster University) Certification: Homeland Security (Upper Iowa University) Having serviced in the military for 24 yrs I am new to the Civilian Sector and all the employment jargon. Based off my education and military experience can anyone offer any points on possible employment and for a career military soldier.

Job Search Recommendation on Employment? I am a recent retiree from the United States Army, I retired after a successful career of 24 yrs and I was able to attain the rank of Command Sergeant Major. Education: BS - Public Administration (Upper Iowa University) MA - Human Resource Development (Webster University) MBA - Emphasis in Management & Business Security(Webster University) Certification: Homeland Security (Upper Iowa University) Having serviced in the military for 24 yrs I am new to the Civilian Sector and all the employment jargon. Based off my education and military experience can anyone offer any points on possible employment and for a career military soldier.

Poll: Did you like The Oddysey or The Iliad better? I liked the Iliad better. This was my favorite part: Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Jove fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another. And which of the gods was it that set them on to quarrel? It was the son of Jove and Leto; for he was angry with the king and sent a pestilence upon the host to plague the people, because the son of Atreus had dishonoured Chryses his priest. Now Chryses had come to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and had brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo wreathed with a suppliant's wreath and he besought the Achaeans, but most of all the two sons of Atreus, who were their chiefs. "Sons of Atreus," he cried, "and all other Achaeans, may the gods who dwell in Olympus grant you to sack the city of Priam, and to reach your homes in safety; but free my daughter, and accept a ransom for her, in reverence to Apollo, son of Jove." On this the rest of the Achaeans with one voice were for respecting the priest and taking the ransom that he offered; but not so Agamemnon, who spoke fiercely to him and sent him roughly away. "Old man," said he, "let me not find you tarrying about our ships, nor yet coming hereafter. Your sceptre of the god and your wreath shall profit you nothing. I will not free her. She shall grow old in my house at Argos far from her own home, busying herself with her loom and visiting my couch; so go, and do not provoke me or it shall be the worse for you." The old man feared him and obeyed. Not a word he spoke, but went by the shore of the sounding sea and prayed apart to King Apollo whom lovely Leto had borne. "Hear me," he cried, "O god of the silver bow, that protectest Chryse and holy Cilla and rulest Tenedos with thy might, hear me oh thou of Sminthe. If I have ever decked your temple with garlands, or burned your thigh-bones in fat of bulls or goats, grant my prayer, and let your arrows avenge these my tears upon the Danaans." Thus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. He came down furious from the summits of Olympus, with his bow and his quiver upon his shoulder, and the arrows rattled on his back with the rage that trembled within him. He sat himself down away from the ships with a face as dark as night, and his silver bow rang death as he shot his arrow in the midst of them. First he smote their mules and their hounds, but presently he aimed his shafts at the people themselves, and all day long the pyres of the dead were burning. For nine whole days he shot his arrows among the people, but upon the tenth day Achilles called them in assembly- moved thereto by Juno, who saw the Achaeans in their death-throes and had compassion upon them. Then, when they were got together, he rose and spoke among them. "Son of Atreus," said he, "I deem that we should now turn roving home if we would escape destruction, for we are being cut down by war and pestilence at once. Let us ask some priest or prophet, or some reader of dreams (for dreams, too, are of Jove) who can tell us why Phoebus Apollo is so angry, and say whether it is for some vow that we have broken, or hecatomb that we have not offered, and whether he will accept the savour of lambs and goats without blemish, so as to take away the plague from us." With these words he sat down, and Calchas son of Thestor, wisest of augurs, who knew things past present and to come, rose to speak. He it was who had guided the Achaeans with their fleet to Ilius, through the prophesyings with which Phoebus Apollo had inspired him. With all sincerity and goodwill he addressed them thus:- "Achilles, loved of heaven, you bid me tell you about the anger of King Apollo, I will therefore do so; but consider first and swear that you will stand by me heartily in word and deed, for I know that I shall offend one who rules the Argives with might, to whom all the Achaeans are in subjection. A plain man cannot stand against the anger of a king, who if he swallow his displeasure now, will yet nurse revenge till he has wreaked it. Consider, therefore, whether or no you will protect me." And Achilles answered, "Fear not, but speak as it is borne in upon you from heaven, for by Apollo, Calchas, to whom you pray, and whose oracles you reveal to us, not a Danaan at our ships shall lay his hand upon you, while I yet live to look upon the face of the earth- no, not though you name Agamemnon himself, who is by far the foremost of the Achaeans." Thereon the seer spoke boldly. "The god," he said, "is angry neither about vow nor hecatomb, but for his priest's sake, whom Agamemnon has dishonoured, in that he would not free his daughter nor take a ransom for her; therefore has he sent these evils upon us, and will yet send others. He will not deliver the Danaans from this pestilence till Agamemnon has restored the girl without fee or ransom to her father, and has sent a holy hecatomb to Chryse. Thus we may perhaps appease him." With these words he sat down, and Agamemnon rose in anger. His heart was black with rage, and his eyes flashed fire as he scowled on Calchas and said, "Seer of evil, you never yet prophesied smooth things concerning me, but have ever loved to foretell that which was evil. You have brought me neither comfort nor performance; and now you come seeing among Danaans, and saying that Apollo has plagued us because I would not take a ransom for this girl, the daughter of Chryses. I have set my heart on keeping her in my own house, for I love her better even than my own wife Clytemnestra, whose peer she is alike in form and feature, in understanding and accomplishments. Still I will give her up if I must, for I would have the people live, not die; but you must find me a prize instead, or I alone among the Argives shall be without one. This is not well; for you behold, all of you, that my prize is to go elsewhither." And Achilles answered, "Most noble son of Atreus, covetous beyond all mankind, how shall the Achaeans find you another prize? We have no common store from which to take one. Those we took from the cities have been awarded; we cannot disallow the awards that have been made already. Give this girl, therefore, to the god, and if ever Jove grants us to sack the city of Troy we will requite you three and fourfold." Then Agamemnon said, "Achilles, valiant though you be, you shall not thus outwit me. You shall not overreach and you shall not persuade me. Are you to keep your own prize, while I sit tamely under my loss and give up the girl at your bidding? Let the Achaeans find me a prize in fair exchange to my liking, or I will come and take your own, or that of Ajax or of Ulysses; and he to whomsoever I may come shall rue my coming. But of this we will take thought hereafter; for the present, let us draw a ship into the sea, and find a crew for her expressly; let us put a hecatomb on board, and let us send Chryseis also; further, let some chief man among us be in command, either Ajax, or Idomeneus, or yourself, son of Peleus, mighty warrior that you are, that we may offer sacrifice and appease the the anger of the god." Achilles scowled at him and answered, "You are steeped in insolence and lust of gain. With what heart can any of the Achaeans do your bidding, either on foray or in open fighting? I came not warring here for any ill the Trojans had done me. I have no quarrel with them. They have not raided my cattle nor my horses, nor cut down my harvests on the rich plains of Phthia; for between me and them there is a great space, both mountain and sounding sea. We have followed you, Sir Insolence! for your pleasure, not ours- to gain satisfaction from the Trojans for your shameless self and for Menelaus. You forget this, and threaten to rob me of the prize for which I have toiled, and which the sons of the Achaeans have given me. Never when the Achaeans sack any rich city of the Trojans do I receive so good a prize as you do, though it is my hands that do the better part of the fighting. When the sharing comes, your share is far the largest, and I, forsooth, must go back to my ships, take what I can get and be thankful, when my labour of fighting is done. Now, therefore, I shall go back to Phthia; it will be much better for me to return home with my ships, for I will not stay here dishonoured to gather gold and substance for you." And Agamemnon answered, "Fly if you will, I shall make you no prayers to stay you. I have others here who will do me honour, and above all Jove, the lord of counsel. There is no king here so hateful to me as you are, for you are ever quarrelsome and ill affected. What though you be brave? Was it not heaven that made you so? Go home, then, with your ships and comrades to lord it over the Myrmidons. I care neither for you nor for your anger; and thus will I do: since Phoebus Apollo is taking Chryseis from me, I shall send her with my ship and my followers, but I shall come to your tent and take your own prize Briseis, that you may learn how much stronger I am than you are, and that another may fear to set himself up as equal or comparable with me." The son of Peleus was furious, and his heart within his shaggy breast was divided whether to draw his sword, push the others aside, and kill the son of Atreus, or to restrain himself and check his anger. While he was thus in two minds, and was drawing his mighty sword from its scabbard, Minerva came down from heaven (for Juno had sent her in the love she bore to them both), and seized the son of Peleus by his yellow hair, visible to him alone, for of the others no man could see her. Achilles turned in amaze, and by the fire that flashed from her eyes at once knew that she was Minerva. "Why are you here," said he, "daughter of aegis-bearing Jove? To see the pride of Agamemnon, son of Atreus? Let me tell you- and it shall surely be- he shall pay for this insolence with his life." And Minerva said, "I come from heaven, if you will hear me, to bid you stay your anger. Juno has sent me, who cares for both of you alike. Cease, then, this brawling, and do not draw your sword; rail at him if you will, and your railing will not be vain, for I tell you- and it shall surely be- that you shall hereafter receive gifts three times as splendid by reason of this present insult. Hold, therefore, and obey." "Goddess," answered Achilles, "however angry a man may be, he must do as you two command him. This will be best, for the gods ever hear the prayers of him who has obeyed them." He stayed his hand on the silver hilt of his sword, and thrust it back into the scabbard as Minerva bade him. Then she went back to Olympus among the other gods, and to the house of aegis-bearing Jove. But the son of Peleus again began railing at the son of Atreus, for he was still in a rage. "Wine-bibber," he cried, "with the face of a dog and the heart of a hind, you never dare to go out with the host in fight, nor yet with our chosen men in ambuscade. You shun this as you do death itself. You had rather go round and rob his prizes from any man who contradicts you. You devour your people, for you are king over a feeble folk; otherwise, son of Atreus, henceforward you would insult no man. Therefore I say, and swear it with a great oath- nay, by this my sceptre which shalt sprout neither leaf nor shoot, nor bud anew from the day on which it left its parent stem upon the mountains- for the axe stripped it of leaf and bark, and now the sons of the Achaeans bear it as judges and guardians of the decrees of heaven- so surely and solemnly do I swear that hereafter they shall look fondly for Achilles and shall not find him. In the day of your distress, when your men fall dying by the murderous hand of Hector, you shall not know how to help them, and shall rend your heart with rage for the hour when you offered insult to the bravest of the Achaeans." With this the son of Peleus dashed his gold-bestudded sceptre on the ground and took his seat, while the son of Atreus was beginning fiercely from his place upon the other side. Then uprose smooth-tongued Nestor, the facile speaker of the Pylians, and the words fell from his lips sweeter than honey. Two generations of men born and bred in Pylos had passed away under his rule, and he was now reigning over the third. With all sincerity and goodwill, therefore, he addressed them thus:- "Of a truth," he said, "a great sorrow has befallen the Achaean land. Surely Priam with his sons would rejoice, and the Trojans be glad at heart if they could hear this quarrel between you two, who are so excellent in fight and counsel. I am older than either of you; therefore be guided by me. Moreover I have been the familiar friend of men even greater than you are, and they did not disregard my counsels. Never again can I behold such men as Pirithous and Dryas shepherd of his people, or as Caeneus, Exadius, godlike Polyphemus, and Theseus son of Aegeus, peer of the immortals. These were the mightiest men ever born upon this earth: mightiest were they, and when they fought the fiercest tribes of mountain savages they utterly overthrew them. I came from distant Pylos, and went about among them, for they would have me come, and I fought as it was in me to do. Not a man now living could withstand them, but they heard my words, and were persuaded by them. So be it also with yourselves, for this is the more excellent way. Therefore, Agamemnon, though you be strong, take not this girl away, for the sons of the Achaeans have already given her to Achilles; and you, Achilles, strive not further with the king, for no man who by the grace of Jove wields a sceptre has like honour with Agamemnon. You are strong, and have a goddess for your mother; but Agamemnon is stronger than you, for he has more people under him. Son of Atreus, check your anger, I implore you; end this quarrel with Achilles, who in the day of battle is a tower of strength to the Achaeans." And Agamemnon answered, "Sir, all that you have said is true, but this fellow must needs become our lord and master: he must be lord of all, king of all, and captain of all, and this shall hardly be. Granted that the gods have made him a great warrior, have they also given him the right to speak with railing?" Achilles interrupted him. "I should be a mean coward," he cried, "were I to give in to you in all things. Order other people about, not me, for I shall obey no longer. Furthermore I say- and lay my saying to your heart- I shall fight neither you nor any man about this girl, for those that take were those also that gave. But of all else that is at my ship you shall carry away nothing by force. Try, that others may see; if you do, my spear shall be reddened with your blood." When they had quarrelled thus angrily, they rose, and broke up the assembly at the ships of the Achaeans. The son of Peleus went back to his tents and ships with the son of Menoetius and his company, while Agamemnon drew a vessel into the water and chose a crew of twenty oarsmen. He escorted Chryseis on board and sent moreover a hecatomb for the god. And Ulysses went as captain. These, then, went on board and sailed their ways over the sea. But the son of Atreus bade the people purify themselves; so they purified themselves and cast their filth into the sea. Then they offered hecatombs of bulls and goats without blemish on the sea-shore, and the smoke with the savour of their sacrifice rose curling up towards heaven. Thus did they busy themselves throughout the host. But Agamemnon did not forget the threat that he had made Achilles, and called his trusty messengers and squires Talthybius and Eurybates. "Go," said he, "to the tent of Achilles, son of Peleus; take Briseis by the hand and bring her hither; if he will not give her I shall come with others and take her- which will press him harder." He charged them straightly further and dismissed them, whereon they went their way sorrowfully by the seaside, till they came to the tents and ships of the Myrmidons. They found Achilles sitting by his tent and his ships, and ill-pleased he was when he beheld them. They stood fearfully and reverently before him, and never a word did they speak, but he knew them and said, "Welcome, heralds, messengers of gods and men; draw near; my quarrel is not with you but with Agamemnon who has sent you for the girl Briseis. Therefore, Patroclus, bring her and give her to them, but let them be witnesses by the blessed gods, by mortal men, and by the fierceness of Agamemnon's anger, that if ever again there be need of me to save the people from ruin, they shall seek and they shall not find. Agamemnon is mad with rage and knows not how to look before and after that the Achaeans may fight by their ships in safety." Patroclus did as his dear comrade had bidden him. He brought Briseis from the tent and gave her over to the heralds, who took her with them to the ships of the Achaeans- and the woman was loth to go. Then Achilles went all alone by the side of the hoar sea, weeping and looking out upon the boundless waste of waters. He raised his hands in prayer to his immortal mother, "Mother," he cried, "you bore me doomed to live but for a little season; surely Jove, who thunders from Olympus, might have made that little glorious. It is not so. Agamemnon, son of Atreus, has done me dishonour, and has robbed me of my prize by force." As he spoke he wept aloud, and his mother heard him where she was sitting in the depths of the sea hard by the old man her father. Forthwith she rose as it were a grey mist out of the waves, sat down before him as he stood weeping, caressed him with her hand, and said, "My son, why are you weeping? What is it that grieves you? Keep it not from me, but tell me, that we may know it together." Achilles drew a deep sigh and said, "You know it; why tell you what you know well already? We went to Thebe the strong city of Eetion, sacked it, and brought hither the spoil. The sons of the Achaeans shared it duly among themselves, and chose lovely Chryseis as the meed of Agamemnon; but Chryses, priest of Apollo, came to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo, wreathed with a suppliant's wreath, and he besought the Achaeans, but most of all the two sons of Atreus who were their chiefs. "On this the rest of the Achaeans with one voice were for respecting the priest and taking the ransom that he offered; but not so Agamemnon, who spoke fiercely to him and sent him roughly away. So he went back in anger, and Apollo, who loved him dearly, heard his prayer. Then the god sent a deadly dart upon the Argives, and the people died thick on one another, for the arrows went everywhither among the wide host of the Achaeans. At last a seer in the fulness of his knowledge declared to us the oracles of Apollo, and I was myself first to say that we should appease him. Whereon the son of Atreus rose in anger, and threatened that which he has since done. The Achaeans are now taking the girl in a ship to Chryse, and sending gifts of sacrifice to the god; but the heralds have just taken from my tent the daughter of Briseus, whom the Achaeans had awarded to myself. "Help your brave son, therefore, if you are able. Go to Olympus, and if you have ever done him service in word or deed, implore the aid of Jove. Ofttimes in my father's house have I heard you glory in that you alone of the immortals saved the son of Saturn from ruin, when the others, with Juno, Neptune, and Pallas Minerva would have put him in bonds. It was you, goddess, who delivered him by calling to Olympus the hundred-handed monster whom gods call Briareus, but men Aegaeon, for he is stronger even than his father; when therefore he took his seat all-glorious beside the son of Saturn, the other gods were afraid, and did not bind him. Go, then, to him, remind him of all this, clasp his knees, and bid him give succour to the Trojans. Let the Achaeans be hemmed in at the sterns of their ships, and perish on the sea-shore, that they may reap what joy they may of their king, and that Agamemnon may rue his blindness in offering insult to the foremost of the Achaeans." Thetis wept and answered, "My son, woe is me that I should have borne or suckled you. Would indeed that you had lived your span free from all sorrow at your ships, for it is all too brief; alas, that you should be at once short of life and long of sorrow above your peers: woe, therefore, was the hour in which I bore you; nevertheless I will go to the snowy heights of Olympus, and tell this tale to Jove, if he will hear our prayer: meanwhile stay where you are with your ships, nurse your anger against the Achaeans, and hold aloof from fight. For Jove went yesterday to Oceanus, to a feast among the Ethiopians, and the other gods went with him. He will return to Olympus twelve days hence; I will then go to his mansion paved with bronze and will beseech him; nor do I doubt that I shall be able to persuade him." On this she left him, still furious at the loss of her that had been taken from him. Meanwhile Ulysses reached Chryse with the hecatomb. When they had come inside the harbour they furled the sails and laid them in the ship's hold; they slackened the forestays, lowered the mast into its place, and rowed the ship to the place where they would have her lie; there they cast out their mooring-stones and made fast the hawsers. They then got out upon the sea-shore and landed the hecatomb for Apollo; Chryseis also left the ship, and Ulysses led her to the altar to deliver her into the hands of her father. "Chryses," said he, "King Agamemnon has sent me to bring you back your child, and to offer sacrifice to Apollo on behalf of the Danaans, that we may propitiate the god, who has now brought sorrow upon the Argives." So saying he gave the girl over to her father, who received her gladly, and they ranged the holy hecatomb all orderly round the altar of the god. They washed their hands and took up the barley-meal to sprinkle over the victims, while Chryses lifted up his hands and prayed aloud on their behalf. "Hear me," he cried, "O god of the silver bow, that protectest Chryse and holy Cilla, and rulest Tenedos with thy might. Even as thou didst hear me aforetime when I prayed, and didst press hardly upon the Achaeans, so hear me yet again, and stay this fearful pestilence from the Danaans." Thus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. When they had done praying and sprinkling the barley-meal, they drew back the heads of the victims and killed and flayed them. They cut out the thigh-bones, wrapped them round in two layers of fat, set some pieces of raw meat on the top of them, and then Chryses laid them on the wood fire and poured wine over them, while the young men stood near him with five-pronged spits in their hands. When the thigh-bones were burned and they had tasted the inward meats, they cut the rest up small, put the pieces upon the spits, roasted them till they were done, and drew them off: then, when they had finished their work and the feast was ready, they ate it, and every man had his full share, so that all were satisfied. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, pages filled the mixing-bowl with wine and water and handed it round, after giving every man his drink-offering. Thus all day long the young men worshipped the god with song, hymning him and chaunting the joyous paean, and the god took pleasure in their voices; but when the sun went down, and it came on dark, they laid themselves down to sleep by the stern cables of the ship, and when the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared they again set sail for the host of the Achaeans. Apollo sent them a fair wind, so they raised their mast and hoisted their white sails aloft. As the sail bellied with the wind the ship flew through the deep blue water, and the foam hissed against her bows as she sped onward. When they reached the wide-stretching host of the Achaeans, they drew the vessel ashore, high and dry upon the sands, set her strong props beneath her, and went their ways to their own tents and ships. But Achilles abode at his ships and nursed his anger. He went not to the honourable assembly, and sallied not forth to fight, but gnawed at his own heart, pining for battle and the war-cry. Now after twelve days the immortal gods came back in a body to Olympus, and Jove led the way. Thetis was not unmindful of the charge her son had laid upon her, so she rose from under the sea and went through great heaven with early morning to Olympus, where she found the mighty son of Saturn sitting all alone upon its topmost ridges. She sat herself down before him, and with her left hand seized his knees, while with her right she caught him under the chin, and besought him, saying- "Father Jove, if I ever did you service in word or deed among the immortals, hear my prayer, and do honour to my son, whose life is to be cut short so early. King Agamemnon has dishonoured him by taking his prize and keeping her. Honour him then yourself, Olympian lord of counsel, and grant victory to the Trojans, till the Achaeans give my son his due and load him with riches in requital." Jove sat for a while silent, and without a word, but Thetis still kept firm hold of his knees, and besought him a second time. "Incline your head," said she, "and promise me surely, or else deny me- for you have nothing to fear- that I may learn how greatly you disdain me." At this Jove was much troubled and answered, "I shall have trouble if you set me quarrelling with Juno, for she will provoke me with her taunting speeches; even now she is always railing at me before the other gods and accusing me of giving aid to the Trojans. Go back now, lest she should find out. I will consider the matter, and will bring it about as wish. See, I incline my head that you believe me. This is the most solemn that I can give to any god. I never recall my word, or deceive, or fail to do what I say, when I have nodded my head." As he spoke the son of Saturn bowed his dark brows, and the ambrosial locks swayed on his immortal head, till vast Olympus reeled. When the pair had thus laid their plans, they parted- Jove to his house, while the goddess quitted the splendour of Olympus, and plunged into the depths of the sea. The gods rose from their seats, before the coming of their sire. Not one of them dared to remain sitting, but all stood up as he came among them. There, then, he took his seat. But Juno, when she saw him, knew that he and the old merman's daughter, silver-footed Thetis, had been hatching mischief, so she at once began to upbraid him. "Trickster," she cried, "which of the gods have you been taking into your counsels now? You are always settling matters in secret behind my back, and have never yet told me, if you could help it, one word of your intentions." "Juno," replied the sire of gods and men, "you must not expect to be informed of all my counsels. You are my wife, but you would find it hard to understand them. When it is proper for you to hear, there is no one, god or man, who will be told sooner, but when I mean to keep a matter to myself, you must not pry nor ask questions." "Dread son of Saturn," answered Juno, "what are you talking about? I? Pry and ask questions? Never. I let you have your own way in everything. Still, I have a strong misgiving that the old merman's daughter Thetis has been talking you over, for she was with you and had hold of your knees this self-same morning. I believe, therefore, that you have been promising her to give glory to Achilles, and to kill much people at the ships of the Achaeans." "Wife," said Jove, "I can do nothing but you suspect me and find it out. You will take nothing by it, for I shall only dislike you the more, and it will go harder with you. Granted that it is as you say; I mean to have it so; sit down and hold your tongue as I bid you for if I once begin to lay my hands about you, though all heaven were on your side it would profit you nothing." On this Juno was frightened, so she curbed her stubborn will and sat down in silence. But the heavenly beings were disquieted throughout the house of Jove, till the cunning workman Vulcan began to try and pacify his mother Juno. "It will be intolerable," said he, "if you two fall to wrangling and setting heaven in an uproar about a pack of mortals. If such ill counsels are to prevail, we shall have no pleasure at our banquet. Let me then advise my mother- and she must herself know that it will be better- to make friends with my dear father Jove, lest he again scold her and disturb our feast. If the Olympian Thunderer wants to hurl us all from our seats, he can do so, for he is far the strongest, so give him fair words, and he will then soon be in a good humour with us." As he spoke, he took a double cup of nectar, and placed it in his mother's hand. "Cheer up, my dear mother," said he, "and make the best of it. I love you dearly, and should be very sorry to see you get a thrashing; however grieved I might be, I could not help for there is no standing against Jove. Once before when I was trying to help you, he caught me by the foot and flung me from the heavenly threshold. All day long from morn till eve, was I falling, till at sunset I came to ground in the island of Lemnos, and there I lay, with very little life left in me, till the Sintians came and tended me." Juno smiled at this, and as she smiled she took the cup from her son's hands. Then Vulcan drew sweet nectar from the mixing-bowl, and served it round among the gods, going from left to right; and the blessed gods laughed out a loud applause as they saw him ing bustling about the heavenly mansion. Thus through the livelong day to the going down of the sun they feasted, and every one had his full share, so that all were satisfied. Apollo struck his lyre, and the Muses lifted up their sweet voices, calling and answering one another. But when the sun's glorious light had faded, they went home to bed, each in his own abode, which lame Vulcan with his consummate skill had fashioned for them. So Jove, the Olympian Lord of Thunder, hied him to the bed in which he always slept; and when he had got on to it he went to sleep, with Juno of the golden throne by his side. Now the other gods and the armed warriors on the plain slept soundly, but Jove was wakeful, for he was thinking how to do honour to Achilles, and destroyed much people at the ships of the Achaeans. In the end he deemed it would be best to send a lying dream to King Agamemnon; so he called one to him and said to it, "Lying Dream, go to the ships of the Achaeans, into the tent of Agamemnon, and say to him word to word as I now bid you. Tell him to get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for he shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans." The dream went when it had heard its message, and soon reached the ships of the Achaeans. It sought Agamemnon son of Atreus and found him in his tent, wrapped in a profound slumber. It hovered over his head in the likeness of Nestor, son of Neleus, whom Agamemnon honoured above all his councillors, and said:- "You are sleeping, son of Atreus; one who has the welfare of his host and so much other care upon his shoulders should dock his sleep. Hear me at once, for I come as a messenger from Jove, who, though he be not near, yet takes thought for you and pities you. He bids you get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for you shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them over to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans at the hands of Jove. Remember this, and when you wake see that it does not escape you." The dream then left him, and he thought of things that were, surely not to be accomplished. He thought that on that same day he was to take the city of Priam, but he little knew what was in the mind of Jove, who had many another hard-fought fight in store alike for Danaans and Trojans. Then presently he woke, with the divine message still ringing in his ears; so he sat upright, and put on his soft shirt so fair and new, and over this his heavy cloak. He bound his sandals on to his comely feet, and slung his silver-studded sword about his shoulders; then he took the imperishable staff of his father, and sallied forth to the ships of the Achaeans. The goddess Dawn now wended her way to vast Olympus that she might herald day to Jove and to the other immortals, and Agamemnon sent the criers round to call the people in assembly; so they called them and the people gathered thereon. But first he summoned a meeting of the elders at the ship of Nestor king of Pylos, and when they were assembled he laid a cunning counsel before them. "My friends," said he, "I have had a dream from heaven in the dead of night, and its face and figure resembled none but Nestor's. It hovered over my head and said, 'You are sleeping, son of Atreus; one who has the welfare of his host and so much other care upon his shoulders should dock his sleep. Hear me at once, for I am a messenger from Jove, who, though he be not near, yet takes thought for you and pities you. He bids you get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for you shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them over to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans at the hands of Jove. Remember this.' The dream then vanished and I awoke. Let us now, therefore, arm the sons of the Achaeans. But it will be well that I should first sound them, and to this end I will tell them to fly with their ships; but do you others go about among the host and prevent their doing so." He then sat down, and Nestor the prince of Pylos with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus: "My friends," said he, "princes and councillors of the Argives, if any other man of the Achaeans had told us of this dream we should have declared it false, and would have had nothing to do with it. But he who has seen it is the foremost man among us; we must therefore set about getting the people under arms." With this he led the way from the assembly, and the other sceptred kings rose with him in obedience to the word of Agamemnon; but the people pressed forward to hear. They swarmed like bees that sally from some hollow cave and flit in countless throng among the spring flowers, bunched in knots and clusters; even so did the mighty multitude pour from ships and tents to the assembly, and range themselves upon the wide-watered shore, while among them ran Wildfire Rumour, messenger of Jove, urging them ever to the fore. Thus they gathered in a pell-mell of mad confusion, and the earth groaned under the tramp of men as the people sought their places. Nine heralds went crying about among them to stay their tumult and bid them listen to the kings, till at last they were got into their several places and ceased their clamour. Then King Agamemnon rose, holding his sceptre. This was the work of Vulcan, who gave it to Jove the son of Saturn. Jove gave it to Mercury, slayer of Argus, guide and guardian. King Mercury gave it to Pelops, the mighty charioteer, and Pelops to Atreus, shepherd of his people. Atreus, when he died, left it to Thyestes, rich in flocks, and Thyestes in his turn left it to be borne by Agamemnon, that he might be lord of all Argos and of the isles. Leaning, then, on his sceptre, he addressed the Argives. "My friends," he said, "heroes, servants of Mars, the hand of heaven has been laid heavily upon me. Cruel Jove gave me his solemn promise that I should sack the city of Priam before returning, but he has played me false, and is now bidding me go ingloriously back to Argos with the loss of much people. Such is the will of Jove, who has laid many a proud city in the dust, as he will yet lay others, for his power is above all. It will be a sorry tale hereafter that an Achaean host, at once so great and valiant, battled in vain against men fewer in number than themselves; but as yet the end is not in sight. Think that the Achaeans and Trojans have sworn to a solemn covenant, and that they have each been numbered- the Trojans by the roll of their householders, and we by companies of ten; think further that each of our companies desired to have a Trojan householder to pour out their wine; we are so greatly more in number that full many a company would have to go without its cup-bearer. But they have in the town allies from other places, and it is these that hinder me from being able to sack the rich city of Ilius. Nine of Jove years are gone; the timbers of our ships have rotted; their tackling is sound no longer. Our wives and little ones at home look anxiously for our coming, but the work that we came hither to do has not been done. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say: let us sail back to our own land, for we shall not take Troy." With these words he moved the hearts of the multitude, so many of them as knew not the cunning counsel of Agamemnon. They surged to and fro like the waves of the Icarian Sea, when the east and south winds break from heaven's clouds to lash them; or as when the west wind sweeps over a field of corn and the ears bow beneath the blast, even so were they swayed as they flew with loud cries towards the ships, and the dust from under their feet rose heavenward. They cheered each other on to draw the ships into the sea; they cleared the channels in front of them; they began taking away the stays from underneath them, and the welkin rang with their glad cries, so eager were they to return. Then surely the Argives would have returned after a fashion that was not fated. But Juno said to Minerva, "Alas, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable, shall the Argives fly home to their own land over the broad sea, and leave Priam and the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, for whose sake so many of the Achaeans have died at Troy, far from their homes? Go about at once among the host, and speak fairly to them, man by man, that they draw not their ships into the sea." Minerva was not slack to do her bidding. Down she darted from the topmost summits of Olympus, and in a moment she was at the ships of the Achaeans. There she found Ulysses, peer of Jove in counsel, standing alone. He had not as yet laid a hand upon his ship, for he was grieved and sorry; so she went close up to him and said, "Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, are you going to fling yourselves into your ships and be off home to your own land in this way? Will you leave Priam and the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, for whose sake so many of the Achaeans have died at Troy, far from their homes? Go about at once among the host, and speak fairly to them, man by man, that they draw not their ships into the sea." Ulysses knew the voice as that of the goddess: he flung his cloak from him and set off to run. His servant Eurybates, a man of Ithaca, who waited on him, took charge of the cloak, whereon Ulysses went straight up to Agamemnon and received from him his ancestral, imperishable staff. With this he went about among the ships of the Achaeans. Whenever he met a king or chieftain, he stood by him and spoke him fairly. "Sir," said he, "this flight is cowardly and unworthy. Stand to your post, and bid your people also keep their places. You do not yet know the full mind of Agamemnon; he was sounding us, and ere long will visit the Achaeans with his displeasure. We were not all of us at the council to hear what he then said; see to it lest he be angry and do us a mischief; for the pride of kings is great, and the hand of Jove is with them." But when he came across any common man who was making a noise, he struck him with his staff and rebuked him, saying, "Sirrah, hold your peace, and listen to better men than yourself. You are a coward and no soldier; you are nobody either in fight or council; we cannot all be kings; it is not well that there should be many masters; one man must be supreme- one king to whom the son of scheming Saturn has given the sceptre of sovereignty over you all." Thus masterfully did he go about among the host, and the people hurried back to the council from their tents and ships with a sound as the thunder of surf when it comes crashing down upon the shore, and all the sea is in an uproar. The rest now took their seats and kept to their own several places, but Thersites still went on wagging his unbridled tongue- a man of many words, and those unseemly; a monger of sedition, a railer against all who were in authority, who cared not what he said, so that he might set the Achaeans in a laugh. He was the ugliest man of all those that came before Troy- bandy-legged, lame of one foot, with his two shoulders rounded and hunched over his chest. His head ran up to a point, but there was little hair on the top of it. Achilles and Ulysses hated him worst of all, for it was with them that he was most wont to wrangle; now, however, with a shrill squeaky voice he began heaping his abuse on Agamemnon. The Achaeans were angry and disgusted, yet none the less he kept on brawling and bawling at the son of Atreus. "Agamemnon," he cried, "what ails you now, and what more do you want? Your tents are filled with bronze and with fair women, for whenever we take a town we give you the pick of them. Would you have yet more gold, which some Trojan is to give you as a ransom for his son, when I or another Achaean has taken him prisoner? or is it some young girl to hide and lie with? It is not well that you, the ruler of the Achaeans, should bring them into such misery. Weakling cowards, women rather than men, let us sail home, and leave this fellow here at Troy to stew in his own meeds of honour, and discover whether we were of any service to him or no. Achilles is a much better man than he is, and see how he has treated him- robbing him of his prize and keeping it himself. Achilles takes it meekly and shows no fight; if he did, son of Atreus, you would never again insult him." Thus railed Thersites, but Ulysses at once went up to him and rebuked him sternly. "Check your glib tongue, Thersites," said be, "and babble not a word further. Chide not with princes when you have none to back you. There is no viler creature come before Troy with the sons of Atreus. Drop this chatter about kings, and neither revile them nor keep harping about going home. We do not yet know how things are going to be, nor whether the Achaeans are to return with good success or evil. How dare you gibe at Agamemnon because the Danaans have awarded him so many prizes? I tell you, therefore- and it shall surely be- that if I again catch you talking such nonsense, I will either forfeit my own head and be no more called father of Telemachus, or I will take you, strip you stark naked, and whip you out of the assembly till you go blubbering back to the ships." On this he beat him with his staff about the back and shoulders till he dropped and fell a-weeping. The golden sceptre raised a bloody weal on his back, so he sat down frightened and in pain, looking foolish as he wiped the tears from his eyes. The people were sorry for him, yet they laughed heartily, and one would turn to his neighbour saying, "Ulysses has done many a good thing ere now in fight and council, but he never did the Argives a better turn than when he stopped this fellow's mouth from prating further. He will give the kings no more of his insolence." Thus said the people. Then Ulysses rose, sceptre in hand, and Minerva in the likeness of a herald bade the people be still, that those who were far off might hear him and consider his council. He therefore with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus:- "King Agamemnon, the Achaeans are for making you a by-word among all mankind. They forget the promise they made you when they set out from Argos, that you should not return till you had sacked the town of Troy, and, like children or widowed women, they murmur and would set off homeward. True it is that they have had toil enough to be disheartened. A man chafes at having to stay away from his wife even for a single month, when he is on shipboard, at the mercy of wind and sea, but it is now nine long years that we have been kept here; I cannot, therefore, blame the Achaeans if they turn restive; still we shall be shamed if we go home empty after so long a stay- therefore, my friends, be patient yet a little longer that we may learn whether the prophesyings of Calchas were false or true. "All who have not since perished must remember as though it were yesterday or the day before, how the ships of the Achaeans were detained in Aulis when we were on our way hither to make war on Priam and the Trojans. We were ranged round about a fountain offering hecatombs to the gods upon their holy altars, and there was a fine plane-tree from beneath which there welled a stream of pure water. Then we saw a prodigy; for Jove sent a fearful serpent out of the ground, with blood-red stains upon its back, and it darted from under the altar on to the plane-tree. Now there was a brood of young sparrows, quite small, upon the topmost bough, peeping out from under the leaves, eight in all, and their mother that hatched them made nine. The serpent ate the poor cheeping things, while the old bird flew about lamenting her little ones; but the serpent threw his coils about her and caught her by the wing as she was screaming. Then, when he had eaten both the sparrow and her young, the god who had sent him made him become a sign; for the son of scheming Saturn turned him into stone, and we stood there wondering at that which had come to pass. Seeing, then, that such a fearful portent had broken in upon our hecatombs, Calchas forthwith declared to us the oracles of heaven. 'Why, Achaeans,' said he, 'are you thus speechless? Jove has sent us this sign, long in coming, and long ere it be fulfilled, though its fame shall last for ever. As the serpent ate the eight fledglings and the sparrow that hatched them, which makes nine, so shall we fight nine years at Troy, but in the tenth shall take the town.' This was what he said, and now it is all coming true. Stay here, therefore, all of you, till we take the city of Priam." On this the Argives raised a shout, till the ships rang again with the uproar. Nestor, knight of Gerene, then addressed them. "Shame on you," he cried, "to stay talking here like children, when you should fight like men. Where are our covenants now, and where the oaths that we have taken? Shall our counsels be flung into the fire, with our drink-offerings and the right hands of fellowship wherein we have put our trust? We waste our time in words, and for all our talking here shall be no further forward. Stand, therefore, son of Atreus, by your own steadfast purpose; lead the Argives on to battle, and leave this handful of men to rot, who scheme, and scheme in vain, to get back to Argos ere they have learned whether Jove be true or a liar. For the mighty son of Saturn surely promised that we should succeed, when we Argives set sail to bring death and destruction upon the Trojans. He showed us favourable signs by flashing his lightning on our right hands; therefore let none make haste to go till he has first lain with the wife of some Trojan, and avenged the toil and sorrow that he has suffered for the sake of Helen. Nevertheless, if any man is in such haste to be at home again, let him lay his hand to his ship that he may meet his doom in the sight of all. But, O king, consider and give ear to my counsel, for the word that I say may not be neglected lightly. Divide your men, Agamemnon, into their several tribes and clans, that clans and tribes may stand by and help one another. If you do this, and if the Achaeans obey you, you will find out who, both chiefs and peoples, are brave, and who are cowards; for they will vie against the other. Thus you shall also learn whether it is through the counsel of heaven or the cowardice of man that you shall fail to take the town." And Agamemnon answered, "Nestor, you have again outdone the sons of the Achaeans in counsel. Would, by Father Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, that I had among them ten more such councillors, for the city of King Priam would then soon fall beneath our hands, and we should sack it. But the son of Saturn afflicts me with bootless wranglings and strife. Achilles and I are quarrelling about this girl, in which matter I was the first to offend; if we can be of one mind again, the Trojans will not stave off destruction for a day. Now, therefore, get your morning meal, that our hosts join in fight. Whet well your spears; see well to the ordering of your shields; give good feeds to your horses, and look your chariots carefully over, that we may do battle the livelong day; for we shall have no rest, not for a moment, till night falls to part us. The bands that bear your shields shall be wet with the sweat upon your shoulders, your hands shall weary upon your spears, your horses shall steam in front of your chariots, and if I see any man shirking the fight, or trying to keep out of it at the ships, there shall be no help for him, but he shall be a prey to dogs and vultures." Thus he spoke, and the Achaeans roared applause. As when the waves run high before the blast of the south wind and break on some lofty headland, dashing against it and buffeting it without ceasing, as the storms from every quarter drive them, even so did the Achaeans rise and hurry in all directions to their ships. There they lighted their fires at their tents and got dinner, offering sacrifice every man to one or other of the gods, and praying each one of them that he might live to come out of the fight. Agamemnon, king of men, sacrificed a fat five-year-old bull to the mighty son of Saturn, and invited the princes and elders of his host. First he asked Nestor and King Idomeneus, then the two Ajaxes and the son of Tydeus, and sixthly Ulysses, peer of gods in counsel; but Menelaus came of his own accord, for he knew how busy his brother then was. They stood round the bull with the barley-meal in their hands, and Agamemnon prayed, saying, "Jove, most glorious, supreme, that dwellest in heaven, and ridest upon the storm-cloud, grant that the sun may not go down, nor the night fall, till the palace of Priam is laid low, and its gates are consumed with fire. Grant that my sword may pierce the shirt of Hector about his heart, and that full many of his comrades may bite the dust as they fall dying round him." Thus he prayed, but the son of Saturn would not fulfil his prayer. He accepted the sacrifice, yet none the less increased their toil continually. When they had done praying and sprinkling the barley-meal upon the victim, they drew back its head, killed it, and then flayed it. They cut out the thigh-bones, wrapped them round in two layers of fat, and set pieces of raw meat on the top of them. These they burned upon the split logs of firewood, but they spitted the inward meats, and held them in the flames to cook. When the thigh-bones were burned, and they had tasted the inward meats, they cut the rest up small, put the pieces upon spits, roasted them till they were done, and drew them off; then, when they had finished their work and the feast was ready, they ate it, and every man had his full share, so that all were satisfied. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, Nestor, knight of Gerene, began to speak. "King Agamemnon," said he, "let us not stay talking here, nor be slack in the work that heaven has put into our hands. Let the heralds summon the people to gather at their several ships; we will then go about among the host, that we may begin fighting at once." Thus did he speak, and Agamemnon heeded his words. He at once sent the criers round to call the people in assembly. So they called them, and the people gathered thereon. The chiefs about the son of Atreus chose their men and marshalled them, while Minerva went among them holding her priceless aegis that knows neither age nor death. From it there waved a hundred tassels of pure gold, all deftly woven, and each one of them worth a hundred oxen. With this she darted furiously everywhere among the hosts of the Achaeans, urging them forward, and putting courage into the heart of each, so that he might fight and do battle without ceasing. Thus war became sweeter in their eyes even than returning home in their ships. As when some great forest fire is raging upon a mountain top and its light is seen afar, even so as they marched the gleam of their armour flashed up into the firmament of heaven. They were like great flocks of geese, or cranes, or swans on the plain about the waters of Cayster, that wing their way hither and thither, glorying in the pride of flight, and crying as they settle till the fen is alive with their screaming. Even thus did their tribes pour from ships and tents on to the plain of the Scamander, and the ground rang as brass under the feet of men and horses. They stood as thick upon the flower-bespangled field as leaves that bloom in summer. As countless swarms of flies buzz around a herdsman's homestead in the time of spring when the pails are drenched with milk, even so did the Achaeans swarm on to the plain to charge the Trojans and destroy them. The chiefs disposed their men this way and that before the fight began, drafting them out as easily as goatherds draft their flocks when they have got mixed while feeding; and among them went King Agamemnon, with a head and face like Jove the lord of thunder, a waist like Mars, and a chest like that of Neptune. As some great bull that lords it over the herds upon the plain, even so did Jove make the son of Atreus stand peerless among the multitude of heroes. And now, O Muses, dwellers in the mansions of Olympus, tell me- for you are goddesses and are in all places so that you see all things, while we know nothing but by report- who were the chiefs and princes of the Danaans? As for the common soldiers, they were so that I could not name every single one of them though I had ten tongues, and though my voice failed not and my heart were of bronze within me, unless you, O Olympian Muses, daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, were to recount them to me. Nevertheless, I will tell the captains of the ships and all the fleet together. Peneleos, Leitus, Arcesilaus, Prothoenor, and Clonius were captains of the Boeotians. These were they that dwelt in Hyria and rocky Aulis, and who held Schoenus, Scolus, and the highlands of Eteonus, with Thespeia, Graia, and the fair city of Mycalessus. They also held Harma, Eilesium, and Erythrae; and they had Eleon, Hyle, and Peteon; Ocalea and the strong fortress of Medeon; Copae, Eutresis, and Thisbe the haunt of doves; Coronea, and the pastures of Haliartus; Plataea and Glisas; the fortress of Thebes the less; holy Onchestus with its famous grove of Neptune; Arne rich in vineyards; Midea, sacred Nisa, and Anthedon upon the sea. From these there came fifty ships, and in each there were a hundred and twenty young men of the Boeotians. Ascalaphus and Ialmenus, sons of Mars, led the people that dwelt in Aspledon and Orchomenus the realm of Minyas. Astyoche a noble maiden bore them in the house of Actor son of Azeus; for she had gone with Mars secretly into an upper chamber, and he had lain with her. With these there came thirty ships. The Phoceans were led by Schedius and Epistrophus, sons of mighty Iphitus the son of Naubolus. These were they that held Cyparissus, rocky Pytho, holy Crisa, Daulis, and Panopeus; they also that dwelt in Anemorea and Hyampolis, and about the waters of the river Cephissus, and Lilaea by the springs of the Cephissus; with their chieftains came forty ships, and they marshalled the forces of the Phoceans, which were stationed next to the Boeotians, on their left. Ajax, the fleet son of Oileus, commanded the Locrians. He was not so great, nor nearly so great, as Ajax the son of Telamon. He was a little man, and his breastplate was made of linen, but in use of the spear he excelled all the Hellenes and the Achaeans. These dwelt in Cynus, Opous, Calliarus, Bessa, Scarphe, fair Augeae, Tarphe, and Thronium about the river Boagrius. With him there came forty ships of the Locrians who dwell beyond Euboea. The fierce Abantes held Euboea with its cities, Chalcis, Eretria, Histiaea rich in vines, Cerinthus upon the sea, and the rock-perched town of Dium; with them were also the men of Carystus and Styra; Elephenor of the race of Mars was in command of these; he was son of Chalcodon, and chief over all the Abantes. With him they came, fleet of foot and wearing their hair long behind, brave warriors, who would ever strive to tear open the corslets of their foes with their long ashen spears. Of these there came fifty ships. And they that held the strong city of Athens, the people of great Erechtheus, who was born of the soil itself, but Jove's daughter, Minerva, fostered him, and established him at Athens in her own rich sanctuary. There, year by year, the Athenian youths worship him with sacrifices of bulls and rams. These were commanded by Menestheus, son of Peteos. No man living could equal him in the marshalling of chariots and foot soldiers. Nestor could alone rival him, for he was older. With him there came fifty ships. Ajax brought twelve ships from Salamis, and stationed them alongside those of the Athenians. The men of Argos, again, and those who held the walls of Tiryns, with Hermione, and Asine upon the gulf; Troezene, Eionae, and the vineyard lands of Epidaurus; the Achaean youths, moreover, who came from Aegina and Mases; these were led by Diomed of the loud battle-cry, and Sthenelus son of famed Capaneus. With them in command was Euryalus, son of king Mecisteus, son of Talaus; but Diomed was chief over them all. With these there came eighty ships. Those who held the strong city of Mycenae, rich Corinth and Cleonae; Orneae, Araethyrea, and Licyon, where Adrastus reigned of old; Hyperesia, high Gonoessa, and Pellene; Aegium and all the coast-land round about Helice; these sent a hundred ships under the command of King Agamemnon, son of Atreus. His force was far both finest and most numerous, and in their midst was the king himself, all glorious in his armour of gleaming bronze- foremost among the heroes, for he was the greatest king, and had most men under him. And those that dwelt in Lacedaemon, lying low among the hills, Pharis, Sparta, with Messe the haunt of doves; Bryseae, Augeae, Amyclae, and Helos upon the sea; Laas, moreover, and Oetylus; these were led by Menelaus of the loud battle-cry, brother to Agamemnon, and of them there were sixty ships, drawn up apart from the others. Among them went Menelaus himself, strong in zeal, urging his men to fight; for he longed to avenge the toil and sorrow that he had suffered for the sake of Helen. The men of Pylos and Arene, and Thryum where is the ford of the river Alpheus; strong Aipy, Cyparisseis, and Amphigenea; Pteleum, Helos, and Dorium, where the Muses met Thamyris, and stilled his minstrelsy for ever. He was returning from Oechalia, where Eurytus lived and reigned, and boasted that he would surpass even the Muses, daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, if they should sing against him; whereon they were angry, and maimed him. They robbed him of his divine power of song, and thenceforth he could strike the lyre no more. These were commanded by Nestor, knight of Gerene, and with him there came ninety ships. And those that held Arcadia, under the high mountain of Cyllene, near the tomb of Aepytus, where the people fight hand to hand; the men of Pheneus also, and Orchomenus rich in flocks; of Rhipae, Stratie, and bleak Enispe; of Tegea and fair Mantinea; of Stymphelus and Parrhasia; of these King Agapenor son of Ancaeus was commander, and they had sixty ships. Many Arcadians, good soldiers, came in each one of them, but Agamemnon found them the ships in which to cross the sea, for they were not a people that occupied their business upon the waters. The men, moreover, of Buprasium and of Elis, so much of it as is enclosed between Hyrmine, Myrsinus upon the sea-shore, the rock Olene and Alesium. These had four leaders, and each of them had ten ships, with many Epeans on board. Their captains were Amphimachus and Thalpius- the one, son of Cteatus, and the other, of Eurytus- both of the race of Actor. The two others were Diores, son of Amarynces, and Polyxenus, son of King Agasthenes, son of Augeas. And those of Dulichium with the sacred Echinean islands, who dwelt beyond the sea off Elis; these were led by Meges, peer of Mars, and the son of valiant Phyleus, dear to Jove, who quarrelled with his father, and went to settle in Dulichium. With him there came forty ships. Ulysses led the brave Cephallenians, who held Ithaca, Neritum with its forests, Crocylea, rugged Aegilips, Samos and Zacynthus, with the mainland also that was over against the islands. These were led by Ulysses, peer of Jove in counsel, and with him there came twelve ships. Thoas, son of Andraemon, commanded the Aetolians, who dwelt in Pleuron, Olenus, Pylene, Chalcis by the sea, and rocky Calydon, for the great king Oeneus had now no sons living, and was himself dead, as was also golden-haired Meleager, who had been set over the Aetolians to be their king. And with Thoas there came forty ships. The famous spearsman Idomeneus led the Cretans, who held Cnossus, and the well-walled city of Gortys; Lyctus also, Miletus and Lycastus that lies upon the chalk; the populous towns of Phaestus and Rhytium, with the other peoples that dwelt in the hundred cities of Crete. All these were led by Idomeneus, and by Meriones, peer of murderous Mars. And with these there came eighty ships. Tlepolemus, son of Hercules, a man both brave and large of stature, brought nine ships of lordly warriors from Rhodes. These dwelt in Rhodes which is divided among the three cities of Lindus, Ielysus, and Cameirus, that lies upon the chalk. These were commanded by Tlepolemus, son of Hercules by Astyochea, whom he had carried off from Ephyra, on the river Selleis, after sacking many cities of valiant warriors. When Tlepolemus grew up, he killed his father's uncle Licymnius, who had been a famous warrior in his time, but was then grown old. On this he built himself a fleet, gathered a great following, and fled beyond the sea, for he was menaced by the other sons and grandsons of Hercules. After a voyage. during which he suffered great hardship, he came to Rhodes, where the people divided into three communities, according to their tribes, and were dearly loved by Jove, the lord, of gods and men; wherefore the son of Saturn showered down great riches upon them. And Nireus brought three ships from Syme- Nireus, who was the handsomest man that came up under Ilius of all the Danaans after the son of Peleus- but he was a man of no substance, and had but a small following. And those that held Nisyrus, Crapathus, and Casus, with Cos, the city of Eurypylus,

NASCAR settles $225 million suit with ex-official ???????????????????????????????? NASCAR settles $225 million suit with ex-official CHARLOTTE, N.C. – NASCAR has settled a $225 million lawsuit filed by a former official who said she was subjected to racial discrimination and sexual harassment during her two-plus years working for the stock-car organization. The suit was settled during a Dec. 3 mediation held in New York between Mauricia Grant and NASCAR. Settlement terms were confidential. Neither side admitted liability or wrongdoing, according to NASCAR. "We're glad to have the case settled on mutually acceptable terms," NASCAR spokesman Ramsey Poston said Thursday. "NASCAR remains dedicated to maintaining a professional work environment for all employees at all times, and we wish Ms. Grant well in her future endeavors." Grant's attorney, Benedict P. Morelli of New York-based Morelli Ratner PC, did not immediately return a call from the AP for comment. Grant, who is black, worked as a technical inspector responsible for certifying cars in NASCAR's second-tier Nationwide Series from January 2005 until her October 2007 termination. In the lawsuit filed in June in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, Grant alleged 23 specific incidents of alleged sexual harassment and 34 specific incidents of alleged racial and gender discrimination during her employment. Among Grant's claims, she said she was referred to as "Nappy Headed Mo" and "Queen Sheba," by co-workers, was often told she worked on "colored people time," and was frightened by one official who routinely made Ku Klux Klan references. Grant also said she was subjected to sexual advances from male co-workers, two of whom allegedly exposed themselves to her, and graphic and lewd jokes. NASCAR investigated her claims and ultimately fired Tim Knox and Bud Moore, the two officials accused in the lawsuit of exposing themselves. NASCAR has declined to discuss the reasons for their dismissal. A third official, David Duke, was fired in April for reasons NASCAR said were unrelated to the suit. NASCAR chairman Brian France vigorously defended his family business after Grant filed suit, saying she never complained to her supervisors about any of the actions she claimed after her firing. She denied France's account, saying she followed the chain of command but stopped short of taking it to human resources when series director Joe Balash failed to address her concerns. Grant said that two weeks after her complaint to Balash, she received a call from the human resources director reprimanding her for her behavior. She said she was fired shortly after. In NASCAR's response to the suit, the sanctioning body claimed Grant acknowledged an understanding of NASCAR's "zero tolerance policy against discrimination and harassment in the workplace," attended mandatory training seminars on the topics in 2006 and 2007 and acknowledged her obligation to immediately report any offensive acts in accordance with written policies. Grant claimed she ultimately was fired for that complaint to Balash. But in NASCAR's response, it claims Grant was reprimanded with a warning of termination for an altercation with a track security guard at Michigan International Speedway who had asked to see Grant's credentials as she passed through a gate. NASCAR officials have refused to disclose why Grant was fired. But the response claimed a pattern of tardiness for which she was routinely reprimanded. Mike Wilford, one official named in the suit, previously told The Associated Press that Grant never once complained about how she was treated in time the two spent together away from the track. Wilford also said she was a willing participant in graphic and lewd jokes and has "twisted" events to benefit her suit. for 225 million, call me anything you want!!!!

Is there any hard evidence of evolution (i.e. scientific) or just guesses? Answers in Genesis: Upholding the Authority of the Bible from the Very First Verse Upholding the Authority of the Bible from the Very First Verse United Kingdom United States Other Countries ... Country: United States Language: English Good news About us Contact us Home Get Answers Store Magazine Events Creation Museum Media Creation Education Support Jobs Get Answers Article archives Creation archives TJ archives E-newsletters Feedback Devotionals Creation scientists Bookstore Monthly specials Books Multimedia Magazine Translations Answers magazine Current issue Article archive Kids Answers Subscribe Renew Event calendar Request an event Video conference coordinators Speaker biographies Creation Museum Museum blog & photos Walk-through News archive Photo archive Video archive Museum support Media Search media Answers Radio Radio archive Mini-Dramas Radio stations Video on-demand Press kit Creation education Study guides Curricula Online books PowerPoint Book reviews Writing projects Support Monthly partners Pray for the ministry Items & services needed Volunteer Planned Giving Jobs Jobs at Answers in Genesis Other creationist jobs Email to a friend Print-Friendly Answers Magazine Subscribe Now! Answers, the new Bible-affirming magazine from Answers in Genesis, is now shipping! Answers features articles on a variety of topics that impact Christians today, and includes a detachable chart, a pullout children’s magazine, excellent layman and semi-technical articles and bonus content from the AnswersMagazine.com website. Our writers, scientists and publishing team believe you’ll be thrilled with Answers. So why wait? Subscribe today! For more information, visit Q&A: Dinosaurs Dinosaurs and the Bible by Ken Ham An aura of mystery surrounds the dinosaurs. Where did they come from? Did they evolve? Did they really live millions of years ago? What happened to them? Are there any living today? Has any human being ever seen a live dinosaur? Children and adults alike are absolutely fascinated by these mysterious monsters. Numerous books and movies have been produced to satisfy a seemingly insatiable hunger for information on these puzzling creatures. The truth of the matter, however, is that there are no real mysteries at all, once you have key information that is not generally known and is withheld from the public. Come with me as we take a walk through history and uncover some amazing facts that will answer many of your questions about these ‘terrible lizards.’ Did Dinosaurs Really Exist? Dinosaurs certainly did roam the Earth in the ancient past! Fossils of dinosaurs have been found all over the world, and their bones are displayed in museums for all to see. Scientists have been able to reconstruct many of their skeletons, so we know much about how they may have looked. When Were Dinosaurs Found? The story of their discovery began back in the 1820s, when Gideon Mantell, an English doctor, found some unusual teeth and bones in a quarry. Dr Mantell realized there was something very different about these animal remains, and believed that he had found an entirely new group of reptiles. By 1841, about nine types of these different reptiles had been uncovered, including two called Megalosaurus and Iguanodon. At this time, a famous British scientist (and creationist), Dr Richard Owen, coined the name ‘Dinosauria,’ meaning ‘terrible lizard,’ for this is what the huge bones made him think of. What Makes Dinosaurs Different? Other than the huge size of some dinosaurs, the major feature that really distinguishes dinosaurs from other reptiles (such as crocodiles) is the position of their limbs. Dinosaurs had posture that was fully erect, similar to that in mammals. Most other reptiles have limbs in a sprawling position. For instance, compare the way a crocodile ‘walks’ with that of, say, a cow. Dinosaurs would have moved like a cow, with the limbs supporting the body from beneath. Crocodiles ‘waddle,’ as their limbs project sideways from their body. How Big Were Dinosaurs? Some were as small as chickens, and others were even smaller. Of course, some dinosaurs were very large, weighing in at an estimated 80 tons and standing 40 feet high! The average size of a dinosaur, however, was probably about that of a small horse. When Did Dinosaurs Live? The story we have all heard from movies, television, newspapers, and most magazines and textbooks is that dinosaurs lived millions of years ago. According to evolutionists, the dinosaurs ‘ruled the Earth’ for 140 million years, dying out about 65 million years ago. However, scientists do not dig up anything labeled with those ages. They only uncover dead dinosaurs (i.e., their bones), and their bones do not have labels attached telling how old they are. The idea of millions of years of evolution is just the evolutionists’ story about the past. No scientist was there to see the dinosaurs live through this supposed dinosaur age. In fact, there is no proof whatsoever that the world and its fossil layers are millions of years old. No scientist observed dinosaurs die. Scientists only find the bones in the here and now, and because many of them are evolutionists, they try to fit the story of the dinosaurs into their view. Other scientists, called creation scientists, have a different idea about when dinosaurs lived. They believe they can solve any of the supposed dinosaur mysteries and show how the evidence fits wonderfully with their ideas about the past, beliefs that come from the Bible. The Bible, God’s very special book (or collection of books, really), claims that each writer was supernaturally inspired to write exactly what the Creator of all things wanted him to write down for us so that we can know where we (and dinosaurs) came from, why we are here, and what our future will be. The first book in the Bible—Genesis—teaches us many things about how the universe and life came into existence. Genesis tells us that God created everything—the Earth, stars, sun, moon, plants, animals, and the first two people. Although the Bible does not tell us exactly how long ago it was that God made the world and its creatures, we can make a good estimate of the date of creation by reading through the Bible and noting some interesting passages: God made everything in six days. He did this, by the way, to set a pattern for mankind, which has become our seven day week (as described in Exodus 20:11). God worked for six days and rested for one, as a model for us. Furthermore, Bible scholars will tell you that the Hebrew word for day used in Genesis 1, can only mean an ordinary day in this context. We are told God created the first man and woman—Adam and Eve—on Day Six. Many facts about when their children and their children’s children were born are given in Genesis. These genealogies are recorded throughout the Old Testament, up until the time of Christ. They certainly were not chronologies lasting millions of years. As you add up all of the dates, and accepting that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, came to Earth almost 2000 years ago, we come to the conclusion that the creation of the Earth and animals (including the dinosaurs) occurred only thousands of years ago (perhaps only 6000!), not millions of years. Thus, if the Bible is right (and it is!), dinosaurs must have lived within the past thousands of years. Where Did Dinosaurs Come From? Evolutionists claim that dinosaurs evolved over millions of years. They imagine that one kind of animal slowly changed over long periods of time to become a different kind of animal. For instance, they believe that amphibians changed into reptiles (including dinosaurs) by this gradual process. This would mean, of course, that there would have been millions of creatures during that time that would be ‘in between,’ as amphibians evolved into reptiles. Evidence of these ‘transitional forms,’ as they are called, should be abundant. However, many fossil experts admit that not one unquestionable transitional form between any group of creatures and another has been found anywhere. If dinosaurs evolved from amphibians, there should be, for example, fossil evidence of animals that are part dinosaur and part something else. However, there is no proof of this anywhere. In fact, if you go into any museum you will see fossils of dinosaurs that are 100% dinosaur, not something in between. There are no 25%, 50%, 75%, or even 99% dinosaurs—they are all 100% dinosaur! The Bible tells us that God created all of the land animals on the sixth day of creation. As dinosaurs were land animals, they must have been made on this day, alongside Adam and Eve, who were also created on Day Six (Genesis 1:24-31). If God designed and created dinosaurs, they would have been fully functional, designed to do what they were created for, and would have been 100% dinosaur. This fits exactly with the evidence from the fossil record. Evolutionists declare that no man ever lived alongside dinosaurs. The Bible, however, makes it plain that dinosaurs and people must have lived together. Actually, as we will soon see, there is a lot of evidence for this. What Did Dinosaurs Eat? The Bible teaches (in Genesis 1:29-30) that the original animals (and the first humans) were commanded to be vegetarian. There were no meat eaters in the original creation. Furthermore, there was no death. It was an unblemished world, with Adam and Eve and animals (including dinosaurs) living in perfect harmony, eating only plants. Sadly, it did not stay this way for very long. Adam rebelled against his Creator, bringing sin into the world (Genesis 3:1-7; Romans 5:12). Because of this rebellion, Adam, and thus all of his descendants (you and me), gave up the right to live with a Holy (sinless) and just God. God therefore judged sin with death. The Bible plainly teaches from Genesis to Revelation that there was no death of animals or humans before Adam sinned. (Consider just a few of the many passages, such as: Romans 5:12; Genesis 2:17; Genesis 1:29-30; Romans 8:20-22; Acts 3:21; Hebrews 9:22; I Corinthians 15; Revelation 21:1-4; Revelation 22:3.) This means there could not have been any animal fossils (and no dinosaur bones) before sin. After Adam’s sin, animals and people started to die. It was now a different world, one of death and strife. A world that was once beautiful now suffered under the curse placed upon it by the Creator (Genesis 3:14-19). But a promise was given (Genesis 3:15) that God would provide a way for the penalty of sin to be paid so there would be a way for man to come back to God. Why Do We Find Dinosaur Fossils? In Genesis 6, we read that all flesh (man and animals) had ‘corrupted his way upon the Earth’ (Genesis 6:12). Perhaps people and animals were killing each other; maybe dinosaurs had started killing other animals and humans. In any case, the Bible describes the world as ‘wicked.’ Because of this wickedness, God warned a godly man named Noah that He was going to destroy the world with a Flood (Genesis 6:13). God therefore commanded him to build a great ship (the Ark) so that all the kinds of land animals (which must have included dinosaurs) and Noah’s family could survive on board while the Flood destroyed the entire Earth (Genesis 6:14-20). Some people think that dinosaurs were too big, or there were too many of them, to go on this Ark. However, there were not very many different kinds of dinosaurs. There are certainly hundreds of dinosaur names, but many of these were given to just a bit of bone or skeletons of the same dinosaur found in other countries. It is also reasonable to assume that different sizes, varieties, and sexes of the same kind of dinosaur have ended up with different names. For example, look at the many different varieties and sizes of dogs, but they are all the same kind-the dog kind! In reality, there may have been fewer than 50 kinds of dinosaurs. God sent two of every (seven of some) land animal into the Ark (Genesis 7:2-3; 7:8-9)—there were no exceptions. Therefore, dinosaurs must have been on the Ark. Even though there was ample room in the huge ship for large animals, perhaps God sent young adults into the Ark that still had plenty of room for them to grow. Well, what happened to all the land animals that did not go on the Ark? Very simply, they drowned. Many would have been covered with tons of mud as the rampaging water covered the land (Genesis 7:11-12,19). Because of this quick burial, many of the animals would have been preserved as fossils. If this happened, you would expect to find evidence of billions of dead things buried in rock layers (formed from this mud) all over the Earth. This is exactly what you do find. By the way, the Flood of Noah’s day probably occurred just over 4,500 years ago. Creationists believe that this event formed many of the fossil layers around the Earth. (Additional fossil layers were formed by other floods as the Earth settled down after the great Flood.) Thus, the dinosaur fossils which were formed as a result of this Flood were probably formed about 4,500 years ago, not millions of years ago. Have Dinosaurs Lived in Recent Times? If the different kinds of dinosaurs survived the Flood, then they must have come off the Ark and lived in the post-Flood world. In the Bible, in Job 40:15-24, God describes to Job (who lived after the Flood) a great beast with which Job was familiar. This great animal, called ‘behemoth,’ is described as ‘the chief of the ways of God,’ perhaps the biggest land animal God had created. Impressively, he moved his tail like a cedar tree! Although some Bible commentaries say this may have been an elephant or hippopotamus, the description actually fits that of a dinosaur like Brachiosaurus. Elephants and hippos certainly do not have tails like cedar trees! Actually, very few animals are singled out in the Bible for such a detailed description. Contrary to what many may think, what we know now as dinosaurs get more mention in the Scriptures than most animals! So dinosaurs—all the different kinds—must have lived alongside of people after the Flood. Are Dinosaurs Mentioned in Ancient Literature? Interestingly, the word ‘dragon’ is used a number of times in the Old Testament. In most instances, the word dinosaur could substitute for dragon and it would fit very nicely. Creation scientists believe that dinosaurs were called dragons before the word dinosaur was invented in the 1800s. We would not expect to find the word dinosaur in Bibles like the Authorized Version (1611), as it was translated well before the word dinosaur was ever used. Also, there are many very old history books in various libraries around the world that have detailed records of dragons and their encounters with people. Surprisingly (or not so surprisingly for creationists), many of these descriptions of dragons fit with how modern scientists would describe dinosaurs, even Tyrannosaurus. Unfortunately, this evidence is not considered valid by evolutionists. Why? Only because their belief is that man and dinosaurs did not live at the same time! However, the more we research the historical literature, the more we realize there is overwhelming evidence that dragons were real beasts, much like our modern reconstructions of dinosaurs, and that their existence has been recorded by many different people, even just hundreds of years ago. What Happened to Dinosaurs? Evolutionists use their imagination in a big way in answering this question. Because of their belief that dinosaurs ‘ruled’ the world for millions of years, and then disappeared millions of years before man allegedly evolved, they have had to come up with all sorts of guesses to explain this ‘mysterious’ disappearance. When reading evolutionist literature, you will be astonished at the range of ideas concerning their supposed extinction. The following is just a small list of theories: Dinosaurs starved to death; they died from overeating; they were poisoned; they became blind from cataracts and could not reproduce; mammals ate their eggs. Other causes include-volcanic dust, poisonous gases, comets, sunspots, meteorites, mass suicide, constipation, parasites, shrinking brain (and greater stupidity), slipped discs, changes in the composition of air, etc. It is obvious that evolutionists don’t know what happened and are grasping at straws. In a recent evolutionary book on dinosaurs, ‘A New Look At the Dinosaurs,’ the author made the statement: ‘Now comes the important question. What caused all these extinctions at one particular point in time, approximately 65 million years ago? Dozens of reasons have been suggested, some serious and sensible, others quite crazy, and yet others merely as a joke. Every year people come up with new theories on this thorny problem. The trouble is that if we are to find just one reason to account for them all, it would have to explain the death, all at the same time, of animals living on land and of animals living in the sea; but, in both cases, of only some of those animals, for many of the land dwellers and many of the sea-dwellers went on living quite happily into the following period. Alas, no such one explanation exists’ (Alan Charig, p. 150). But, one such explanation does exist. If you remove the evolutionary framework, get rid of the millions of years, and then take the Bible seriously, you will find an explanation that fits the facts and makes perfect sense: At the time of the Flood, many of the sea creatures died, but some survived. In addition, all of the land creatures outside the Ark died, but the representatives of all the kinds that survived on the Ark lived in the new world after the Flood. Those land animals (including dinosaurs) found the new world to be much different than the one before the Flood. Due to (1) competition for food that was no longer in abundance, (2) other catastrophes, (3) man killing for food (and perhaps for fun), and (4) the destruction of habitats, etc., many species of animals eventually died out. The group of animals we now call dinosaurs just happened to die out too. In fact, quite a number of animals become extinct each year. Extinction seems to be the rule in Earth history (not the formation of new types of animals as you would expect from evolution). Will We Ever See a Live Dinosaur? The answer is probably not … but, then again? There are some scientists who believe a few dinosaurs may have survived in remote jungles. We are still discovering new species of animals and plants today in areas that have been too difficult to explore until now. Even natives in some countries describe beasts that fit with what might be a dinosaur. Creationists, of course, would not be surprised if someone found a living dinosaur. However, evolutionists would then have to explain why they made dogmatic statements that man and dinosaur never lived at the same time. I suspect they would say something to the effect that this dinosaur somehow survived because it was trapped in a remote area that has not changed for millions of years. You see, no matter what is found, or how embarrassing it is to evolutionists’ ideas, they will always be able to concoct an ‘answer’ because evolution is a belief. It is not science—it is not fact! What Lessons Can We Learn From the Dinosaur? When we see the bones of dinosaurs, we can be reminded that death was not a part of the original creation. Death is actually an intruder, entering when the first man disobeyed God. The Bible tells us that because we are all descendants of Adam, we too have sinned: ‘Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned’ (Romans 5:12); ‘For all have sinned and come short of the glory of God’ (Romans 3:23). We need to recognize that the wickedness in the world is because of sin, because man rebelled against God. We can also be reminded that God, who made all things, including the dinosaurs, is also a judge of His creation. He judged Adam’s rebellion by cursing the world with death. Adam was warned about what would happen if he disobeyed God’s instruction not to eat the fruit of one particular tree. ‘But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die’ (Genesis 2:17). Dinosaurs can also remind us that God judged the rebellion in Noah’s day by destroying the wicked world with water, resulting in the death of millions of creatures. The Bible teaches us that He will again judge the world, but next time by fire: ‘But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the Earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up’ (2 Peter 3:10). We can also be reminded that after this judgment by fire, God will make a new heaven and Earth: ‘Nevertheless we, according to His promise, look for new heavens and a new Earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness’ (2 Peter 3:13). And what will it be like in this new Earth? ‘And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away’ (Revelation 21:4). But we are also warned that many will not be allowed into this new Earth but will suffer for eternity: ‘But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death’ (Revelation 21:8). Humans, who are all sinful from conception (Psalm 51:5), cannot live with a Holy God, but are condemned to separation from God. But, God provided a wonderful means of deliverance from sin. The Bible teaches that God offered the perfect sacrifice needed to pay the penalty for man’s sin. God’s own Son, the one who in fact created the world (Colossians 1:16), came to Earth as a man, as a descendant of Adam, to suffer the death penalty for sin. ‘But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept. For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive’ (I Corinthians 15:20-22). The Lord Jesus Christ died on a cross, but on the third day, rose again, conquering death, so that anyone who believes in Him and accepts Him into his or her life, is able to come back to God and live for eternity with the Creator. ‘For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life’ (John 3:16); ‘If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness’ (I John 1:9). For those who do not accept by faith what Christ has done for them and do not recognize their sinful nature and need for redemption, the Bible warns that such people will live forever, but will be separated from God in a place of torment that the Bible calls Hell. But for those who commit their lives to the Lord—what a wonderful message! What a wonderful Savior! What a wonderful salvation in Christ the Creator! If you, the reader of this web page, want to know more about how you can spend eternity with the God of creation, please click here. Recommended resources What Really Happened to the Dinosaurs? (Booklet) Answers to all of the most-asked questions about dinosaurs from a biblical perspective. Help keep these daily articles coming. Find out how to support AiG. Good News | About us | Contact us | Privacy policy Home | Get Answers | Store | Events | Creation Education | Media | Radio | Creation Museum | Support Chinese | Danish | Dutch | French | German | Greek | Hungarian | Italian | Japanese | Korean | Russian | Spanish Copyright © 2006 Answers in Genesis